[Application of modern methods for activation of brain functions in obese patients (literature review)].

Unlabelled: The problem of rational activation of functions of the central nervous system of a human remains highly relevant.

Objective: To analyze scientific data on the use of transcranial exposure method in obesity.

Results: The literature review presents current data on the effectiveness of non-invasive hardware brain neurostimulation in obese patients.

N-Aryl Benzimidazole and Benzotriazole Derivatives and Their Hybrids as Cytotoxic Agents: Design, Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies.

The era of chemotherapy began in the 1940s, which is the basis of traditional antitumor approaches and, being one of the most high-tech treatment methods, is still widely used to treat various types of cancer. A promising direction in modern medicinal chemistry is currently the creation of hybrid molecules containing several pharmacophore fragments of different structures. This strategy is successfully used to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic agents and reduce side effects.

Conjugates of 3,5-Bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone and Sesquiterpene Lactones Have an Antitumor Effect via Resetting the Metabolic Phenotype of Cancer Cells.

In recent years, researchers have often encountered the significance of the aberrant metabolism of tumor cells in the pathogenesis of malignant neoplasms. This phenomenon, known as the Warburg effect, provides a number of advantages in the survival of neoplastic cells, and its application is considered a potential strategy in the search for antitumor agents. With the aim of developing a promising platform for designing antitumor therapeutics, we synthesized a library of conjugates of 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone and sesquiterpene lactones.

The Genetic Origin of the Indo-Europeans.

The Yamnaya archaeological complex appeared around 3300BCE across the steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas, and by 3000BCE reached its maximal extent from Hungary in the west to Kazakhstan in the east. To localize the ancestral and geographical origins of the Yamnaya among the diverse Eneolithic people that preceded them, we studied ancient DNA data from 428 individuals of which 299 are reported for the first time, demonstrating three previously unknown Eneolithic genetic clines. First, a "Caucasus-Lower Volga" (CLV) Cline suffused with Caucasus hunter-gatherer (CHG) ancestry extended between a Caucasus Neolithic southern end in Neolithic Armenia, and a steppe northern end in Berezhnovka in the Lower Volga.

The EXCEL Study: Long-term Observation of the Effectiveness of Drug and Non-drug Rehabilitation in Patients with Ischemic Heart Failure.

Aim: To study the long-term effect of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) therapy on exercise tolerance, quality of life (QoL), and indicators of the structural and functional state of the cardiovascular system in patients with stable ischemic heart disease (IHD) complicated by chronic heart failure (CHF).

Material And Methods: This open randomized EXCEL study included 120 patients with verified IHD complicated by NYHA II-III functional class CHF with reduced or mid-range left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. Patients were randomized into group 1 (n=40), optimal drug therapy (ODT) and EECP (35 hours, 2 courses per year); group 2 (n=40), ODT and EECP (35 hours, 1 course per year); and group 3 (control; n=40), ODT and placebo counterpulsation (35 h, 1 course per year).

[Correction of gut dysbiosis as a promising direction in the prevention of neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment].

In recent years new data have been obtained on the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis mechanisms of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as on the influence of dietary patterns (Mediterranean diet, MIND diet) and probiotics on the correction of dysbiosis and slowing down the development of cognitive disorders. It seems reasonable to draw the attention of practicing physicians to the need to prevent cognitive dysfunction through dietary correction, probiotics and prebiotics intake. of the research was to study the possibility of using certain dietary patterns, as well as intake of probiotics and prebiotics for the correction of dysbiosis and early prevention of cognitive dysfunction, basing on the analysis of published data on the bidirectional communication between the colon microbiota and the brain and microbiota changes in patients with cognitive dysfunction and AD.

Thermokinetic Study of Aluminum-Induced Crystallization of a-Si: The Effect of Al Layer Thickness.

The effect of the aluminum layer on the kinetics and mechanism of aluminum-induced crystallization (AIC) of amorphous silicon (a-Si) in (Al/a-Si) multilayered films was studied using a complex of in situ methods (simultaneous thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and four-point probe resistance measurement) and ex situ methods (X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy). An increase in the thickness of the aluminum layer from 10 to 80 nm was found to result in a decrease in the value of the apparent activation energy E of silicon crystallization from 137 to 117 kJ/mol (as estimated by the Kissinger method) as well as an increase in the crystallization heat from 12.3 to 16.

[Etymology of the meninges names in the work «Onomatologia anatomica» by Josef Hyrtl].

The article represents the translation of chapters of the scientific work «Onomatologia anatomica» (1880) by the Austrian anatomist Josef Hyrtl devoted to terminology in the anatomy of the meninges, namely , , , .

The Influence of Combined Sterilization Factors on the Structural and Functional Characteristics of Bone Implants.

The results of a comprehensive study of the patterns of structural and functional changes in bone tissue samples after combined (ozone + radiation) sterilization are presented. The study used a different approach to the sterilization process with selective ozone or radiation exposure and an integral, combined one, based on a combined ozone-oxygen treatment of bone samples at the first stage and radiation at the second. The methods of IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with a prefix for elemental analysis, atomic force microscopy, and mechanical analysis with determination of elastic-plastic properties (Vickers microhardness index) were used in the work.

Design of Conjugates Based on Sesquiterpene Lactones with Polyalkoxybenzenes by "Click" Chemistry to Create Potential Anticancer Agents.

Using the methodology of "click" chemistry, a singular method has been developed for the synthesis of unique conjugates based on sesquiterpene lactones: dehydrocostuslactone and alantolactone with polyalkoxybenzenes. To expand the structural range of the resulting conjugates, the length of the 1,2,3-triazole spacer was varied. For all synthesized compounds, the cytotoxic profile was determined on the cell lines of tumor origin (SH-SY5Y, HeLa, Hep-2, A549) and normal Hek 293 cells.

Solid-State Reaction in Cu/a-Si Nanolayers: A Comparative Study of STA and Electron Diffraction Data.

The kinetics of the solid-state reaction between nanolayers of polycrystalline copper and amorphous silicon (a-Si) has been studied in a Cu/a-Si thin-film system by the methods of electron diffraction and simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), including the methods of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). It has been established that, in the solid-state reaction, two phases are formed in a sequence: Cu + Si → η″-CuSi → γ-CuSi. It has been shown that the estimated values of the kinetic parameters of the formation processes for the phases η″-CuSi and γ-CuSi, obtained using electron diffraction, are in good agreement with those obtained by DSC.

The Role of a Pathological Interaction between β-amyloid and Mitochondria in the Occurrence and Development of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in existence. It is characterized by an impaired cognitive function that is due to a progressive loss of neurons in the brain. Extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques are the main pathological features of the disease.

On the method and results of calculation of vibrational tetrahedral sub-level energies and resonance interactions in vibrational spectra of high symmetry molecules: CH and GeH as an application of the XY (T) molecule.

We report here the analytical description of one of the important problems in the study of XY (T) molecules, namely, description of vibrational tetrahedral sub-level structures and resonance interactions caused by the high symmetry of a molecule. The results obtained are applied to description of the vibrational energy spectrum of the CH and GeH molecules.

Synthesis and biological testing of 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone conjugates with 2,5-dihydro-5H-1,2-oxaphospholenes.

Using the methodology of "click" chemistry, a series of conjugates of 3,5-bis(benzylidene)-1-(prop-2-yn)piperidin-4-ones with 4-alkyl-3-azidomethyl-2-ethoxy-2,5-dihydro-5H-1,2 oxaphosphol 2-oxides was synthesized. All newly obtained compounds 8-18 were characterized by H, C, P, F NMR and IR spectroscopy. The potential antitumor activity of the synthesized conjugates8-18was studied in terms of their ability to influence the viability of variouscancercell lines, including A549, SH-SY5Y, Hep-2, and HeLa.

The Content of Certain Groups of Phenolic Compounds and the Biological Activity of Extracts of Various Halophyte Parts of (L.) Griseb. and L. at Different Levels of Soil Salinization.

Halophyte plants are known for their resistance to harsh environmental conditions associated with excess salts in their habitats. Their resistance to salinization is due, among other things, to their high ability to detoxify free radicals, owing to the relatively high content of antioxidants. On the coast of the Baltic Sea and in the lagoons, there are several rare halophyte species included in the Red Book of the Kaliningrad Region (Russia) and the Baltic region, such as (L.

High resolution FTIR spectroscopy of germane: First study of GeH in the region of Tetrad of the strongly interacting ν+ν,ν+ν,ν+ν and ν+ν ro-vibrational bands.

The infrared spectra of germane, purified and enriched up to 88.1% of GeH, was measured at the temperature of (22.6±0.

[Etymology of terms in anatomy of central nervous system].

We consider the origin of neuroanatomical terms and their formation as such in the history of medicine. Along with the terms originating from common Indo-European roots and reflecting the typical process of metaphorization of trivial objects and phenomena, in this sphere we find semantic calques (one of the types of borrowing) and formations originating from late Latin. The prevailing simple metaphor testifies to the early origin of most terminological units.

[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency: late diagnosis and gender reassignment in a two-year-old child].

11β-hydroxylase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to impaired steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex caused by pathogenic mutations in the CYP11B1 gene. The main clinical manifestations are determined by a deficiency of cortisol, ACTH hyperproduction, excessive androgens secretion and the accumulation of 11-deoxycorticosterone, which leads to the development of arterial hypertension. In the diagnostic search, it is important to take into account the ethnicity of the patient, since the frequency of the disease and the prevalence of mutations differ between ethnic groups.

Mineral and Technological Features of Magnetite-Hematite Ores and Their Influence on the Choice of Processing Technology.

Analysis of the current technical solutions for the processing of iron ores showed that the high-grade ores are directly exposed to metallurgical processing; by comparison, low-grade ores, depending on the mineralogical and material composition, are directed to beneficiation including gravitational, magnetic, and flotation processes or their combination. Obtaining high-quality concentrates with high iron content and low content of impurities from low-grade iron ores requires the maximum possible liberation of valuable minerals and a high accuracy of separating features (difference in density, magnetic susceptibility, wettability, etc.).

Expression Analysis of Key Auxin Biosynthesis, Transport, and Metabolism Genes of with Special Emphasis on Figured Wood Formation in Karelian Birch.

Auxin status in woody plants is believed to be a critical factor for the quantity and quality of the wood formed. It has been previously demonstrated that figured wood formation in Karelian birch (Betula pendula Roth var. carelica (Merckl.

[Etiology of purulent-inflammatory processes in the genital tract: suspicions of clinicians and problems of laboratory confirmation.].

Despite the long history of the study, laboratory diagnosis of gonococcal infection remains a complex task that does not have a clearly regulated effective solution. Aim of investigation was to assess the species diversity of the microbiota of the genital tract of men and women with suspected acute genital gonococcal infection (AGGI) using test systems of Russian manufacturers. A study of samples of the contents of the urethra of 69 men and posterior vaginal fornix fluids of 33 women of reproductive age with characteristic clinical manifestations and a presumptive diagnosis of AGGI was made.

Vanadyl Phthalocyanine Films and Their Hybrid Structures with Pd Nanoparticles: Structure and Sensing Properties.

In this work, thin films of vanadyl phthalocyanines (VOPc and VOPcF) are studied as active layers for the detection of gaseous ammonia and hydrogen. The effect of F-substituents on the structural features of vanadyl phthalocyanine films and their sensor response toward ammonia (10-50 ppm) and hydrogen (100-500 ppm) is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemiresistive methods, respectively. It is shown that the sensor response of VOPcF films to ammonia is 2-3 times higher than that of VOPc films.

[Epigenetic regulation of clinical manifestations of Friedreich's disease].

Aim: To study a methylation profile of FXN gene and its influence on the clinical phenotype of Friedreich's desease (FD).

Material And Methods: The methylation pattern was analyzed in 17 patients with FD. Forty-five CpG-sites in the promoter region and the region of intron 1 of FXN: before the GAA-expansion (UP-GAA) and after the GAA-expansion (DOWN-GAA), were studied.

[The history of the discovery of Gasserian ganglion].

The article presents in detail the history of the discovery of the trigeminal ganglion in the context to name it Gasserian ganglion. The historical, formal and logical methods of research, along with system analysis were used in the work. An in-depth research of little-known literature sources, which included scientific, publicistic and fiction components, was conducted.

[Discoveries of Giulio Cesare Aranzi].

The article provides a Russian translation of the 19th chapter of the work of Italian anatomist and surgeon Giulio Cesare Aranzi (Julius Caesar Arantius, 1530-1589) 'Observationes anatomicae', which describes his discoveries in the anatomy of the organ of vision: detection of m. levator palpebrae superioris and disproving of the then prevailing statement concerning the origin of external muscles of the eye from the dura mater. The article also gives a brief biography.