Imaging of trochlear nerve schwannomas: a case series and systematic review of the literature.

Purpose Trochlear nerve schwannomas are rare tumors. So far, only 121 cases have been published. We present four new cases, discuss the imaging characteristics and summarize all previously published cases through a systematic review.

Trends in diagnosis, referral, red flag onset, patient profiles and natural outcome of de novo cardiac amyloidosis and their multidisciplinary implications.

Background: Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is often overlooked or misdiagnosed. Effects of growing disease awareness, diagnostic ameliorations and novel treatment options on CA diagnosis and management are scarcely reported.

Objective: To report trends in diagnosis, referral routes, clinical presentation, early onset diagnostic red flags and outcome in de novo CA subjects.

Intraoperative Use of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in the Treatment of Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation.

Background: Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS) is a rare pathological condition of the upper cervical spine. It can be caused by multiple mechanisms, including minor neck manipulations. Children are more prone owing to the weaker periarticular soft tissue and a steeper slant of the C1 facet plane against the vertical axis of the dens.

Intracanal Optic Nerve Cavernous Hemangioma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Cerebral cavernous malformations of the intracanalicular optic nerve are extremely rare lesions. Only a few case reports and 1 case series have been published. We report an additional case with atypical imaging and review the existing literature with attention to time to surgery and imaging characteristics.

Delayed Intraventricular Pneumocephalus Following Shunting for Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Background: Pneumocephalus is usually seen in trauma or cranial surgery. It is rarely reported as a delayed complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for hydrocephalus secondary to trauma, tumor, or aqueduct stenosis. We describe a case of intraventricular pneumocephalus manifesting 10 months after placement of a shunt for normal-pressure hydrocephalus.

Multiple nocardial abscesses of the brainstem and spinal cord diagnosed after an open biopsy through a cervical partial central corpectomy: case report.

Nocardiosis of the central nervous system is a challenging and difficult diagnosis for the clinician. The combination of infections of the brain and spinal cord is even more rare. The authors report on a patient with multiple lesions in the brainstem and cervical spinal cord.

Lhermitte-Duclos disease: 11C-methionine positron emission tomography data in 4 patients.

Background: Lhermitte-Duclos disease is a cerebellar lesion, characterized by an overgrowth of cerebellar ganglion cells, which replace granular cells and Purkinje cells. Lhermitte-Duclos disease may be a manifestation of Cowden syndrome (multiple hamartoma-neoplasia syndrome). The nature of LDD, whether neoplastic, dysplastic, or hamartomatous, is still not exactly understood.