Text message-delivered cannabis use disorder treatment with young adults: A large randomized clinical trial.

Background: Two scientific and clinical challenges for treating cannabis use disorder (CUD) are developing efficacious treatments with high likelihood of uptake and scalability, and testing the clinical mechanisms by which treatments work. Because young adults experience more CUD than other age groups, a need exists to test the efficacy and hypothesized causal pathways of novel treatments for CUD. Text-delivered treatments have the potential to reach young adults by increasing access and perceived privacy.

Treating young adult cannabis use disorder with text message-delivered peer network counseling.

Background: Approximately 16.5% of U.S.

Young Adult Depression and Cannabis Use: Associations Before and After Recreational Legalization.

Introduction: The co-occurrence of depression with cannabis use worsens both mood and substance use disorder outcomes, with young adults particularly at risk of co-occurrence. This research investigates whether the association of state-level prevalence rates of young adult (age 18-25) depression and cannabis use in the U.S.

Testing Mechanisms of Change for Text Message-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Randomized Clinical Trial for Young Adult Depression.

Background: Current psychiatric epidemiological evidence estimates that 17% of young adults (aged 18-25 years) experienced a major depressive episode in 2020, relative to 8.4% of all adults aged ≥26 years. Young adults with a major depressive episode in the past year are the least likely to receive treatment for depression compared with other age groups.

Treating Young Adult Depression With Text-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.

Young adults (ages 18 to 25) in the U.S. suffer from the highest rates of past-year major depressive episode and are the least likely to receive treatment compared to other age groups.

Peer Network Counseling Effects on Substance Use: an Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Integrating Three Randomized Controlled Trials.

The current study describes an individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA) testing the efficacy of a peer-network counseling (PNC) intervention for preventing substance use escalation in adolescents and young adults. PNC has shown efficacy in reducing substance use among adolescents and young adults across small-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Identifying expected large-scale effects and moderators is an important next step in guiding use of PNC in practice.

Predicting Self-Medication with Cannabis in Young Adults with Hazardous Cannabis Use.

Using cannabis to reduce psychological and physical distress, referred to as self-medication, is a significant risk factor for cannabis use disorder. To better understand this high-risk behavior, a sample of 290 young adults (ages 18-25; 45.6% female) were recruited from two U.

Responsiveness to mHealth Intervention for Cannabis Use in Young Adults Predicts Improved Outcomes.

Mobile health (mHealth) interventions have proliferated rapidly in part because of their advantages in reducing consumer and provider burden, but less attention has been paid to participant responsiveness to mHealth programs and how this may affect outcomes. This study adds to that literature by examining whether participant responsiveness to a text messaging-delivered intervention was predictive of treatment outcomes over baseline levels of the outcome. We analyzed data from a pilot-randomized controlled trial of a text messaging-intervention to treat young adults with cannabis use disorder (treatment arm, N = 47), examining three indicators of responsiveness (two behavioral: treatment completion and booster message participation; and one subjective: perceived helpfulness of treatment) on abstinence from cannabis use and use-related problems measured at 3-month follow-up.

Reducing Risk for Adolescent Substance Misuse with Text-Delivered Counseling to Adolescents and Parents.

Text-delivered prevention programs provide unique opportunities to deliver substance use prevention interventions to at-risk populations. A pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to test the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a 4-week, automated personalized text-messaging prevention program, designed to reduce risk factors and increase protective factors associated with adolescent substance use and misuse. Sixty-nine adolescents were recruited from a Federally Qualified Health Care clinic and randomized to a text-delivered intervention, or a wait-list control condition.

Relational victimization and peer affiliate prosocial behaviors in African American adolescents: Moderating effects of gender and antisocial behavior.

Introduction: Experiencing relational victimization (e.g., peer exclusion, untrue rumors) during adolescence can have negative social-emotional consequences, including increased antisocial behavior and substance use.

Who responds best to text-delivered cannabis use disorder treatment? A randomized clinical trial with young adults.

Young adults ages 18 to 25 have the highest percentage (5%) of cannabis use disorder (CUD) among all age groups, and are the least likely to receive treatment compared with other age groups. Because this population is in need of creative approaches for treatment engagement, we tested Peer Network Counseling-txt (PNC-txt), a 4-week, automated text-delivered cannabis treatment that focuses on close peer relations with 96 treatment seeking young adults. Participants meeting CUD criteria were randomized to PNC-txt, or assessment only control condition and followed for 3-months.

A pilot trial of text-delivered peer network counseling to treat young adults with cannabis use disorder.

Approximately 1.8 million young adults aged 18 to 25 had a Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) in the past year. Unfortunately, engaging young adults in treatment is very challenging.

A longitudinal study predicting adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use by behavioral characteristics of close friends.

Few studies have examined in detail how specific behaviors of close friends put adolescents at risk for specific types of substance use. Using a prospective, longitudinal design, we examined how well the substance use of 248 young urban adolescents was predicted by perceptions of their 3 closest friends' problematic behaviors: (1) using substances, (2) offering substances, and (3) engaging with friends in risky behavior (substance use, illegal behavior, violent behavior, or high-risk sexual behavior). Longitudinal multivariate repeated measures models were tested to predict tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use and perceived closeness was tested as a moderator of the effects of perceptions of problematic peer behavior.

School, Friends, and Substance Use: Gender Differences on the Influence of Attitudes Toward School and Close Friend Networks on Cannabis Involvement.

The school environment is extremely salient in young adolescents' lives. Adolescents who have unfavorable attitudes toward school and teachers are at elevated risk for dropping out of school and engaging in behavioral health risks. Peer network health-a summation of the positive and negative behaviors in which one's close friend group engages-may be one way by which attitudes toward school exert influence on youth substance use.

Neighborhood disorder, peer network health, and substance use among young urban adolescents.

Background: The current study investigated the moderating effect of peer networks on neighborhood disorder's association with substance use in a sample of primarily African American urban adolescents.

Methods: A convenience sample of 248 adolescents was recruited from urban health care settings and followed for two years, assessing psychological, social, and geographic risk and protective characteristics. A subset of 106 substance using participants were used for the analyses.

Community violence exposure, family management practices, and substance use in youth: a cross-cultural study.

Associations between community violence exposure, family management practices, and substance use were compared in a sample of early adolescents in low-income communities from the United States ( = 151; age = 12.71 years, standard deviation = 0.65; 50.

Peer Network Counseling as Brief Treatment for Urban Adolescent Heavy Cannabis Users.

Objective: A small body of evidence supports targeting adolescents who are heavy users of cannabis with brief interventions, yet more research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of these studies. We conducted a secondary analysis of our Peer Network Counseling (PNC) study (Mason et al., 2015), focusing on 46 adolescents of the sample of 119 who reported heavy cannabis use at baseline.

Emotion dysregulation, anticipatory cortisol, and substance use in urban adolescents.

Anticipatory cortisol is associated with risk for substance use in adolescents. The present study extended prior literature by testing a model linking family emotional climate, emotion dysregulation, anticipatory cortisol, and substance use. Participants were 229 adolescents ( = 11.

Depression Moderates the Relationship Between Pain and the Nonmedical Use of Opioid Medication Among Adult Outpatients.

Background: The nonmedical use of prescription medication among US adults is a growing public health problem. Healthcare providers should proactively address this problem in outpatient encounters.

Objective: We sought to understand the interactive effects among prescription drugs, pain, and psychiatric symptoms among adult outpatients to build an empirical foundation for comprehensive screening.

Parents, Peers, and Places: Young Urban Adolescents' Microsystems and Substance Use Involvement.

Limited research is available that explains complex contextual and interactive effects of microsystems such as family relationships, peer networks, and place-based influences have on urban adolescent substance use. We contend that research into these complex processes is improved by integrating psychological, social, and geographic data to better understand urban adolescent substance use involvement. Accordingly, we tested a longitudinal, 3-way moderation model to determine if the direct effect of teen-parent relationships on substance use involvement is moderated by peer network characteristics, which in turn is moderated by the risk and protective attributes within urban adolescents' activity spaces, among a sample of 248 adolescents.

Text Message Delivered Peer Network Counseling for Adolescent Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Although adolescent tobacco use has declined in the last 10 years, African American high school seniors' past 30-day use has increased by 12 %, and as they age they are more likely to report lifetime use of tobacco. Very few urban youth are enrolled in evidenced-based smoking prevention and cessation programming. Therefore, we tested a text messaging smoking cessation intervention designed to engage urban youth through an automated texting program utilizing motivational interviewing-based peer network counseling.

Psychiatric Comorbidity and Complications.

This article highlights the prevalence of co-occurring disorders among adolescents and underscores the complexity and opportunities of treating these patients in a systematic, comprehensive approach. As evidenced by this review, the need exists to develop and test models of care that integrate co-occurring disorders into both psychiatric and substance abuse treatment settings. The challenge for pediatric practitioners is to provide detailed assessments linked to evidence-based treatment plans to account for the variations in adolescent development and the unique risk factor profile of each patient.

The role of tobacco outlet density in a smoking cessation intervention for urban youth.

This study investigates the role of tobacco outlet density in a randomized controlled trial of a text messaging-based smoking cessation intervention conducted among a sample of 187 primarily African American youth in a midsize U.S. city.

The Dynamic Role of Urban Neighborhood Effects in a Text-Messaging Adolescent Smoking Intervention.

Introduction: Neighborhood features such as the density of tobacco outlets relative to one's home and evaluations of safety of one's activity space (routine locations), are known to influence health behaviors. Understanding the time-varying nature of these aspects of the urban ecology provides unique insights into the dynamic interactions of individuals and their environments.

Methods: The present study tested the time-varying effects of tobacco outlets and perceived safety within a randomized controlled trial of an adolescent text-messaging smoking intervention.

Time-varying effects of a text-based smoking cessation intervention for urban adolescents.

Introduction: Craving to smoke is understood as an important mechanism for continued smoking behavior. Identifying how smoking interventions operate on craving with particular populations is critical for advancing intervention science. This study's objective was to investigate the time-varying effect of a text-delivered smoking cessation intervention.