Determination of volume averaging correction factors using an elliptical absorbed dose model for Gamma Knife Perfexion.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to calculate volume averaging correction factors for detectors used in the dosimetry of Gamma Knife's narrow photon beams, and to determine the impact of volume averaging on the field output correction factor.

Methods: Simulations of different Gamma Knife fields were done using elliptical dose model formalism with newly introduced fit functions. To determine volume averaging correction factors a calculation of the absorbed dose over the volume of the detector was performed.

Possibility of Human Gender Recognition Using Raman Spectra of Teeth.

Gender determination of the human remains can be very challenging, especially in the case of incomplete ones. Herein, we report a proof-of-concept experiment where the possibility of gender recognition using Raman spectroscopy of teeth is investigated. Raman spectra were recorded from male and female molars and premolars on two distinct sites, tooth apex and anatomical neck.