Bioassay-guided evaluation of antimicrobial properties and profile of bioactive compounds from leaf, peel and mesocarp of four apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) grown in Serbia: Application of HPTLC-EDA and UHPLC Q-ToF MS techniques.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties and profile of bioactive compounds from mesocarp, peel and leaves of four autochthonous apple cultivars against human pathogens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and the apple pathogen Erwinia amylovora by direct detection on HPTLC plates and subsequent chemometric analysis. UHPLC Q-ToF MS was used for detailed characterization of the bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. Leaf extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains, followed by peel extracts, while the mesocarp extracts showed only weak and selective inhibition zones for E.

Distribution of polyphenolic and sugar compounds in different buckwheat plant parts.

The aim of this study was to provide information on the phenolic and sugar profiles of different parts of the buckwheat plant, which can define that buckwheat is a functional food, with a high nutritional value and very useful for human health. Therefore, the extracts of buckwheat leaf, stem, and flower, as well as buckwheat grain were analysed for the content of polyphenol and antioxidant tests. The identification of a notable number of phenolic compounds and quantification of sugars in different parts of buckwheat indicates that buckwheat is a highly valuable plant.

Polyphenol profile of buckwheat honey, nectar and pollen.

A focus of research in recent years is the comparison of honey as the final product of bees with pollen and nectar of the plant from which the honey originates, as the main food source for bees. Buckwheat honey is recognized as a nutritionally valuable product, which provides a scientifically proven health benefit and is confirmed as a functional food. The quality of this type of honey is attributed to high levels of phytochemicals in buckwheat.