A sensorized modular training platform to reduce vascular damage in endovascular surgery.

Purpose: Endovascular interventions require intense practice to develop sufficient dexterity in catheter handling within the human body. Therefore, we present a modular training platform, featuring 3D-printed vessel phantoms with patient-specific anatomy and integrated piezoresistive impact force sensing of instrument interaction at clinically relevant locations for feedback-based skill training to detect and reduce damage to the delicate vascular wall.

Methods: The platform was fabricated and then evaluated in a user study by medical ([Formula: see text]) and non-medical ([Formula: see text]) users.