Structural Features Governing the Metabolic Stability of Tetraethyl-Substituted Nitroxides in Rat Liver Microsomes.

Nitroxides are potent tools for studying biological systems by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Whatever the application, a certain stability is necessary for successful detection. Since conventional tetramethyl-substituted cyclic nitroxides have insufficient in vivo stability, efforts have recently been made to synthesize more stable, tetraethyl-substituted nitroxides.

EFFICACY OF CYCLOCRYOTHERAPY AND TRANSSCLERAL DIODE LASER CYCLOPHOTOCOAGULATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF REFRACTORY GLAUCOMA.

Treating advanced glaucoma often requires numerous therapeutic modalities in order to achieve the desired intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the IOP lowering efficacy of both cyclocryotherapy (CCT) and transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (TS-DCPC) in the management of refractory primary open-angle glaucoma. This prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial included 40 patients (40 eyes) with refractory glaucoma treated at the Eye Department, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia, between January 2016 and June 2019.

Detection of Superoxide Radical in Adherent Living Cells by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy Using Cyclic Nitrones.

Spin trapping with cyclic nitrones coupled to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) enables the detection and characterization of oxygen-derived free radicals, such as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, in living cells. Detection is usually performed on cell suspensions introduced in glass capillaries, gas-permeable tubing, or flat cells, even when cells normally require attachment for growth. However, radical production may be influenced by cell adhesion, while enzymatic or mechanical cell harvesting may damage the cells and alter their metabolic rates.

Unexpected rapid aerobic transformation of 2,2,6,6-tetraethyl-4-oxo(piperidin-1-yloxyl) radical by cytochrome P450 in the presence of NADPH: Evidence against a simple reduction of the nitroxide moiety to the hydroxylamine.

Aminoxyl radicals (nitroxides) are a class of compounds with important biomedical applications, serving as antioxidants, spin labels for proteins, spin probes of oximetry, pH, or redox status in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), or as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the fast reduction of the radical moiety in common tetramethyl-substituted cyclic nitroxides within cells, yielding diamagnetic hydroxylamines, limits their use in spectroscopic and imaging studies. In vivo half-lives of commonly used tetramethyl-substituted nitroxides span no more than a few minutes.

Use of spin traps to detect superoxide production in living cells by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.

Detection of superoxide produced by living cells has been an on-going challenge in biology for over forty years. Various methods have been proposed to address this issue, among which spin trapping with cyclic nitrones coupled to EPR spectroscopy, the gold standard for detection of radicals. This technique is based on the nucleophilic addition of superoxide to a diamagnetic cyclic nitrone, referred to as the spin trap, and the formation of a spin adduct, i.

Fixed Combinations of Glaucoma Medications.

The first line treatment in the management of glaucoma is topical medical therapy. Many patients with glaucoma require multiple medications for adequate intraocular pressure control. For patients who need multi-dose regimens to control intraocular pressure, fixed combinations offer convenience, efficacy and safety.

Age-related changes of vitamin C levels in aqueous humour.

Background/aim: Age-related cataract is a common disease among senior population. Vitamin C is the most effective reducing hydrosoluble antioxidant causing reduction in the levels of free radicals in crystaline lens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the age-related change of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) level in the aqueous humor of patients with senile cataract.

Effect of diode laser cyclophotocoagulation in treatment of patients with refractory glaucoma.

Background/aim: Refractory glaucoma is glaucoma resistant to conventional management (maximally tolerated medical therapy, one or more glaucoma surgeries) and glaucoma in cases of neovascularisation after panretinal photocoagulation or cryoablation. The aim of the study was to determine the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering efficacy of transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (DCPC) treatment in the management of pain and IOP in patients with refractory glaucoma.

Methods: This nonrandomized, retrospective study, included 95 patients (95 eyes) with refractory glaucoma treated at the University Eye Clinic, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia, between November 2007 and November 2012 in accordance with the established protocols (16-18 spots, 270°, up to 5J of energy).

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of fixed combination travoprost/timolol and dorzolamide/ timolol in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Introduction: Combining two medications in one bottle may improve compliance by reducing the time required to administer drops and the frequency of the total number of medication bottles.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of reduced intraocular pressure (IOP) and safety of fixed combination travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.

Postoperative visual recovery following surgical treatment of suprasellar meningiomas.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate pre- and postoperative visual acuity in patients with meningioma in the area of optic chiasm.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included 43 patients with meningioma in the area of optic chiasm, who had been found to have impaired visual function according to anamnestic data and neuro-ophthalmologic examination which excluded the presence of any other eye diseases. The visual status was analyzed both preoperatively and postoperatively, i.

Diode laser trabeculoplasty in open angle glaucoma: 50 micron vs. 100 micron spot size.

The study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of diode laser trabeculoplsaty in lowering intraocular pressure in patients with both primary open-angle glaucoma and exfoliation glaucoma by using different size of laser spot. This six-month, unmasked, controlled, prospective study included sixty-two patients with the same number of eyes, who were divided into two groups. Trabeculoplasty was performed with 50 micron and 100 micron laser spot size in the group I and group II, respectively.

Long-term outcomes of prostaglandin analog versus timolol maleate in ocular hypertensive or primary open-angle glaucoma patients in Europe.

Purpose: To determine the direct costs of therapy over 5 years of a European monotherapy cohort begun on a prostaglandin (PTG) versus timolol in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Methods: A retrospective, multicenter, active-controlled, observational study. Data were abstracted for European patients treated as initial monotherapy in 1996 or afterward, with 5 years of available records.

[Adjunctive therapy with brinzolamide in patients on travoprost treatment].

Introduction: This study was aimed at evaluating the safety and efficacy of brinzolamide 1% suspension (Azopt 1%) and travoprost 0.004% (Travatan) combined therapy in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who are in need of additional intraocular pressure lowering.

Material And Methods: This is a prospective, three-month, open-label, clinical study.

Detection and treatment of amblyopia in children.

Refractive errors are a common cause of decreased visual acuity. They can be found in 2-4% of preschool children. If not discovered on time and not properly treated, they can lead to amblyopia and strabismus.

A comparison of 180 degrees of treatment with diode laser trabeculoplasty in primary open-angle glaucoma and exfoliation glaucoma: a short-term study of 22 patients.

Purpose: Evaluation of diode laser trabeculoplsaty (DLT) efficacy in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma and the differences between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) after it; estimation of the shortest period after DLT when a decrease of IOP can be detected; estimation of the shortest period in achieving a maximum IOP decreases after which no further changes could be expected.

Materials And Methods: A three-month, open-labeled, controlled, prospective study on the IOP-lowering efficacy of DLT in patients with POAG and XFG was performed between November 2007 and January 2008. Thirty-one eyes (POAG 19, XFG 12) were enrolled.

[Vision related quality of life--a cataract study].

Introduction: Since 1996, advanced methods and new instruments for the assessment of vision quality of life (VisQoL) index (37 and 15) have been developed and applied at the University Eye Clinic in Novi Sad. Many researches assume that postoperative results should not be evaluated only by postoperative visual acuity, but also by subjective perception of visual function and the patients ability to perform everyday activities, i.e.