Hydrothermal carbonization combined with thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge: Effects of MgCl on the migration of phosphorus and heavy metal.

Phosphorus (P) is a non-regenerative and finite raw material. Due to its decreasing availability, and to protect the environment, recycling methods are needed. With the focus on closing nutrient cycles, sewage sludge (SS) is a potential source for P recovery.

Evaluation of the energetic and environmental potential of the hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste: Modeling of the entire process chain.

This study outlines the entire process chain related to an industrial-sized hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) plant, which treats the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. A parameter study, carried out in laboratory-scaled experiments, was used to create a model starting with the substrate preparation and ending with the production of electricity. It was designed to be infinitely variable with respect to different reaction intensities within certain boundary conditions.

Economic and environmental life cycle assessment of organic waste treatment by means of incineration and biogasification. Is source segregation of biowaste justified in Germany?

In the realm of the German scope, four different waste treatment options for the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) were evaluated against the environmental and economic background: (i) anaerobic digestion followed by composting, (ii) incineration of OFMSW, (iii) incineration of separately pre-dried OFMSW and (iv) a cascaded treatment system, which couples anaerobic digestion with incineration (i.e. incineration of digestate).