A case report of recurrent membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis after kidney transplantation due to ventriculoatrial shunt infection.

Background: Transplant failure requires the consideration of numerous potential causes including rejection, acute tubular necrosis, infection, and recurrence of the original kidney disease. Kidney biopsy is generally required to approach these differential diagnoses. However, the histopathological findings on their own do not always lead to a definite diagnosis.

In-vitro comparison of the pullout strength of 3 different thoracic screw fixation techniques.

Summary Of Background Data: Dvorak et al in 1993 and Husted et al in 2003 reported 2 different screw fixation techniques at the thoracic spine as alternatives to transpedicular screws. So far, there is no investigation comparing the pullout stability of all 3 possible screw fixation techniques.

Objective: To evaluate the stability of possible alternatives for transpedicular screw fixation.

Hyponatremia and seizures caused by triamcinolone-induced adrenal insufficiency.

Background: A 49-year-old woman presented to hospital with an 18-month history of hyponatremic episodes, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and fatigue.

Investigations: Physical examination, laboratory tests including full blood count, measurement of electrolytes, hormones, autoantibodies, thyroid and renal function, corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation test, 24 h urinalysis and abdominal ultrasonography.

Diagnosis: Severe symptomatic hyponatremia in a patient with secondary adrenal insufficiency caused by treatment of lumbago with triamcinolone injections.