Analysis of TLR4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) gene polymorphisms and mRNA level in patients with dengue infection: A case-control study.

Background: Dengue is a systemic viral infection that spreads to humans by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. The secreted NS1 protein of dengue virus activates macrophages and human PBMCs via TLR4 and induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines which is responsible for the pathogenesis of disease. Mutations in TLR4 gene have been associated with the increased susceptibility to many viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases.

Association of ICAM-1 K469E polymorphism with dengue infection in North Indian population.

Dengue infection is caused by flavivirus is one of the leading cause of mortality. There are certain factors which play role in the transformation of a mild form of the disease (DF) into a severe form (DHF) but the most important ones are: viral strain virulence, host genetics, and host immune status. In severe dengue infection, plasma leakage occurs due to vascular endothelial cell activation through expression of adhesion molecule like intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).

Entomological and serological investigation of Japanese encephalitis in endemic area of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background & Objectives: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito borne pathogen, is one of the major causes of viral encephalitis in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. The objective of this work was to evaluate the entomological based virological surveillance of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in the highly endemic area of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Methods: The study was carried out during September 2010 to March 2013 in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh.