Effect of electron and X-ray irradiation on microbiological and chemical parameters of chilled turkey.

The purpose of this work was to compare the effect of electron and X-ray irradiation on microbiological content and volatile organic compounds in chilled turkey meat. Dose ranges which significantly suppress the pathogenic microflora while maintaining the organoleptic properties of the turkey meat are different for electron and X-ray irradiation. According to the study it is recommended to treat chilled turkey using X-ray irradiation with the dose ranging from 0.

Physiological parameters for Prognosis in Abdominal Sepsis (PIPAS) Study: a WSES observational study.

Background: Timing and adequacy of peritoneal source control are the most important pillars in the management of patients with acute peritonitis. Therefore, early prognostic evaluation of acute peritonitis is paramount to assess the severity and establish a prompt and appropriate treatment. The objectives of this study were to identify clinical and laboratory predictors for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute peritonitis and to develop a warning score system, based on easily recognizable and assessable variables, globally accepted.

[Collagenolytic activity in several species of deuteromycetes under various storage conditions].

The ability of deuteromycetes of the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Botrytis to retain collagenolytic activity was studied after both 2 and 10 years of storage on a Czapek medium under a layer of mineral oil at 4 degrees C, as well as in silica gel granules at 20 and -60 degrees C. The enzymatic activity of several species, including Botrytis terrestris, Penicillium janthinellum, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Penicillium citrinum, was retained under both conditions of storage. Aspergillus repens retained enzymatic activity only if stored under a layer of mineral oil.

Characteristics of collagenolytic enzymes secreted by deuteromycete fungi Aspergillus flavus.

Collagen induced the synthesis of collagenolytic enzymes in the culture of Aspergillus flavus. Enzyme activity of the culture increased during storage and passage on a medium with this inductor. We developed a method for isolation and purification of collagenolytic enzymes and obtained two electrophoretically homogenous enzyme preparations belonging to neutral thermolabile collagenolytic metalloproteinases.

Comparative study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae LPS.

LPS of yeast strains producing human epidermal growth factor were studied. Experiments demonstrated the absence of essential differences in the characteristics of these LPS and LPS of nonrecombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, which allowed us to develop a universal complex technology of simultaneous preparation of heterologous proteins and highly active immunomodulating LPS.

[The role of proteins in the immunomodulating effect of bioginseng products].

Immunomodulating properties of the bioginseng preparations (Panax ginseng), isolated from the cell culture of ginseng calluses, were studied in model experiments of acquired immunodeficiency developed as a result of long-term protein starvation or after vinblastin administration. The following preparations were studied: 1) preparation obtained by means of the cell culture cryoconcentration, 2) ethanol extract of the cell culture, 3) high-molecular protein containing fraction of the bioginseng I. Under conditions of acquired immunodeficiency all the preparations studied were shown to increase the content of antibody producing cells developed in response to sheep erythrocytes administration, while the highest effect exhibited the bioginseng preparation III.

[Study of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration in blood plasma of alcoholism patients].

Concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was estimated in the plasma of 104 patients with alcoholism during 2 month treatment course in addiction hospital and in 29 healthy volunteers. Highly distinct differences in content of GABA were detected in the plasma of the volunteers and patients with alcoholism, which remained within 60 days of alcohol withdrawal.

[The presence of quinolinic acid in the structures of the rat brain].

The brain tissue extracts from chronically alcoholized (15% ethanol intake for more than 18 months) rats were studied by mass spectrometry. The mass spectra for the striatum of control and alcohol-consuming rats were identical, while those for the hippocampus showed a significant difference: a great increase in the intensity of peaks typical of mass spectra for quinolinic acid.

[Comparative study of the features of protein composition of human aorta tunica media].

A preliminary two-dimensional map of human aorta tunica media proteins comprising 280 polypeptide fractions has been constructed. Individual protein fractions were characterized in terms of molecular masses and relative electrophoretic mobility; the resulting values were stored in the "protein" data base. Using co-electrophoresis, the positions of certain tunica media proteins (light chains, myosin, tropomyosin, actin, albumin) was determined.

[Study of a series of enzyme systems and ultrastructure of rat liver in iron-manganese poisoning].

During consumption of drinking water containing manganese or combination of iron and manganese several biochemical patterns were altered in animal blood and liver tissue: content of SH-groups, total lipids, activity of alkaline phosphatase, content of cytochromes b5 and P-450 in liver microsomal fractions. Light and electron microscopy showed that local unspecific alterations of hepatocytes structure occurred in liver tissue. Activation of cytochromes in response to administration of the metals appears to involve alterations in phospholipid composition of endoplasmic reticulum.

[One of the methods of treatment of affective disorders in patients with alcoholism].

It has been demonstrated by a double blind placebo-controlled study that transcranial electric treatment (TET) by means of combination of direct current and pulse current and pulse current at a frequency of 70-80 Hz is an effective method of correcting affective disorders (anxiety, depressions) in patients suffering from alcoholism. The therapeutic effects of TET are coupled with changes in GABA and monoamine metabolism rather than in beta-endorphin as well as with a decrease of the latent period of the occurrence of alpha-rhythm after eyes closing.

[Structural and functional changes in myosin from rat skeletal muscles during postmortem autolysis].

Structure and enzymatic properties of myosin were studied in rat skeletal muscles during various periods of postmortal autolysis. Ca2+-ATPase activity of the protein was decreased within 3 hrs after death. At the same time, the structure of myosin, as shown by gel filtration in 8 M urea and disc electrophoresis in SDS polyacrylamide gel, was maintained.

[Elevated kynurenine concentration in the blood serum of children with epilepsy and bronchial asthma].

A total of 84 children were investigated: 15 with bronchial asthma, 41 with combined seizure and bronchial obstruction syndrome, 14 with epilepsy. The kynurenine blood level was found to correlate with seizures. It was highest in epilepsy (5.

[Effect of emotional-pain stress on the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid system].

In experiments on rats the emotional-pain stress is studied for its effect on the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in the forebrain and stem structures, on GABA catabolism and GABA metabolism-related energy metabolism indices in the hippocamp and frontal cortex neurons. It is shown that the stress effect is accompanied by the GABA level increase and GABA-transaminase inhibition with a simultaneous rise of the succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity. The pain factor is established to be very important for changes in the activity of GABA-transaminase and succinate dehydrogenase.

[Decrease in the activity of cerebral gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism enzymes under the influence of kynurenines possessing convulsive activity].

Content of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was unaltered in mouse brain and cerebellum after administration of D,L-kynurenine (50 mcg), quinolinic acid (5 mcg) and nicotinic acid (50 mcg) into brain ventricles. At the same time, after administration of kinurenine, quinolinic acid and nicotinic acid activity of GABA-transaminase in brain was decreased by 39%, 40% and 48, respectively; activity of glutamate decarboxylase was decreased by 27% and 36%, respectively, in this case nicotinic acid affected only slightly. Strong clonic convulsions occurred in 60% of mice after administration of kynurenine and quinolinic acid and only in 7% of mice after treatment with nicotinic acid.

[Gamma-aminobutyric acid system and bioelectric activity of the brain of rats during alcoholic intoxication].

The changes of the GABA metabolizing enzyme activities in rat brain are connected with the phases of the functional condition of the central nervous system and doses of ethanol. Increase in the dose of ethanol caused the distinct decrease of locomotion degree and vertical component of motor activity. Chronic ethanol consumption caused an increase of the enzyme activities of GABA metabolism without any change of the brain GABA level.

[Ribonuclease activity of the "myofibrillar" fraction of normal and autolyzed muscle tissue].

The separation in a sucrose gradient of the "myofibrillar" fraction of normal and autolysed muscle tissue gave 4 components. During the post-mortem destruction of the tissue there was observed a slight decrease of the "myofibrillar" fraction yield and also certain changes in the distribution of protein between different components. Under the selected conditions the RNA-ase activity was found in all 4 components.

[Ribosomal RNA degradation in rat skeletal muscle in the process of autolysis].

Comparative histochemical study of RNA content in normal and autolyzed within 72 hrs muscle tissue showed that the nucleic acid well retained during autolysis but the tissue was simultaneously destructed. Polymerization of rRNA in autolyzed tissue proved to depend on temperature of dead animals storage. An increase of temperature from 0 degrees to 21 degrees did not affect the rRNA yield.

[Postmortem decomposition of skeletal muscle RNA].

RNAs, isolated from rat sceletal muscles by heat and cold phenol treatment within various periods after animal death, were analyzed by means of centrifugation in sucrose gradient. Content of 28 S RNA was found to be decreased by 7-8% within 3 days of autolysis with maintaining of the total ribosomal RNA yield. These data suggest that nucleases were present in microsomal and crude myofibrillar fractions and their activity was increased duing autolysis.

[Effect of alcoholic intoxication on the activity of several dehydrogenases and aminotransferases in rat brain tissue].

An acute intraperitoneal administration of ethanol (4-8 g/kg) produced a fall in the activity of malate-dehydrogenase (MDG), alanine- and aspartate-aminotransferase in homogenates and mitochondria of the cerebellum, large hemispheres and liver of the rats by 25 and 50 per cent, respectively. The activity of succinate-dehydrogenase (SDG) increased by 24 per cent in the large hemispheres and fell by 20 per cent in the liver and in the cerebellum homogenate. The activity of lactate-dehydrogenase (LDG) of the large hemispheres and liver mitochondria decreased by 30 per cent.