Extremely Non-Equilibrium Hopping Transport and Photogeneration Efficiency in Organic Semiconductors: An Analytic Approach.

An analytical model of highly nonequilibrium hopping transport of charge carriers in disordered organic semiconductors has been developed. In particular, the initial time interval is considered when transport is controlled by hops down in energy. The model is applied to the calculation of the separation probability of geminate pairs in a semiconductor with a Gaussian energy distribution of localized states.

On Analytical Modeling of Hopping Transport of Charge Carriers and Excitations in Materials with Correlated Disorder.

Spatial-energy correlations strongly influence charge and exciton transport in weakly ordered media such as organic semiconductors and nanoparticle assemblies. Focusing on cases with shorter-range interparticle interactions, we develop a unified analytic approach that allows us to calculate the temperature and field dependence of charge carrier mobility in organic quadrupole glasses and the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient of excitons in quantum dot solids. We obtain analytic expressions for the energy distribution of hopping centers, the characteristic escape time of charge/exciton from the energy well stemming from energy correlations around deep states, and the size of the well.

Disorder and Photogeneration Efficiency in Organic Semiconductors.

An analytical description of the separation probability of a geminate pair in organic semiconductors is given. The initial diffusion of "hot" twins is anomalously strong due to energy disorder. This circumstance significantly increases the photogeneration quantum yield at low temperatures and weakens its temperature dependence relative to predictions of the Onsager model, in agreement with Monte Carlo and experimental results.

Anisotropic Carrier Mobility and Spectral Fingerprints of Two-Dimensional γ-Phosphorus Carbide with Antisite Defects.

We apply density functional theory to study carrier mobility in a γ-phosphorus carbide monolayer. Although previous calculations predicted high and anisotropic mobility in this material, we show that the mobility can be significantly influenced by common antisite defects. We demonstrate that at equilibrium concentrations defects do not inhibit carrier mobility up to temperatures of 1000 K.

First-Principles Prediction of Two-Dimensional BCP and BCP: Structural Stability, Fundamental Properties, and Renewable Energy Applications.

The existence of two novel hybrid two-dimensional (2D) monolayers, 2D BCP and 2D BCP, has been predicted based on the density functional theory calculations. It has been shown that these materials possess structural and thermodynamic stability. 2D BCP is a moderate band gap semiconductor, while 2D BCP is a zero band gap semiconductor.

[INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOLISM AND ALCOHOLIC ADDICTION ON INCREASING THE RATE OF CRIME IN SOCIETY (MEDICAL AND LEGAL PREVENTIVE MEASURES)].

The purpose of the study is to determine universal medical and legal measures for individual and nationwide prevention of fortification of the population for practical application by developing and adopting international normative legal act - the Convention on Combating Fortification in Society. To achieve this purpose, the authors have used general scientific and special methods of cognition. Thus, the statistical method was used to analyze the data of official statistics for 2014-2019 regarding the number of crimes committed while intoxication; the method of comparison was used in the analysis of data on studying the development of adolescents' behavior due to alcohol consumption and the effect of special programs on the prevention of alcoholism; the method of questioning was used when interviewing students of higher educational institutions regarding the prevalence of alcohol consumption among young people.

Point Defects in Two-Dimensional γ-Phosphorus Carbide.

Defects are inevitably present in two-dimensional (2D) materials and usually govern their various properties. Here, a comprehensive density functional theory-based investigation of seven kinds of point defects in a recently produced γ allotrope of 2D phosphorus carbide (γ-PC) is conducted. The defects, such as antisites, single C or P, and double C and P and C and C vacancies, are found to be stable in γ-PC, while the Stone-Wales defect is not presented in γ-PC due to its transition-metal dichalcogenides-like structure.

Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconductor Quantum Dot Solids for Photovoltaic Applications.

Quantum dot (QD) solids represent a new type of condensed matter drawing high fundamental and applied interest. Quantum confinement in individual QDs, combined with macroscopic scale whole materials, leads to novel exciton and charge transfer features that are particularly relevant to optoelectronic applications. This Perspective discusses the structure of semiconductor QD solids, optical and spectral properties, charge carrier transport, and photovoltaic applications.

Pharmacist impact on time to antibiotic administration in patients with sepsis in an ED.

Purpose: The purpose was to determine if the physical presence of a clinical pharmacist in the emergency department (ED) would decrease antibiotic order to administration time in adult patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of adult patients presenting to the ED between January and December 2014 with a diagnosis of sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock who required intravenous antibiotics.

Results: A total of 186 patients (92 patients when an ED pharmacist was present and 94 when no ED pharmacist was present) were included in the analysis.

Shape critical properties of patterned Permalloy thin films.

The effects of shape and edges in magnetic elements with reduced dimensions on the magnetization reversal of cross- and framed cross-shaped NiFe (30nm) films were studied. Remagnetization details in the stripes of the patterned structures, which had 3 μm to 30 μm widths and ~100 μm lengths, were visualized by the magneto-optical indicator film technique. The magneto-optic images revealed three different types of the domain structure formation and evolution in the samples during their magnetization reversal: (i) spin rotation with growth and annihilation of a cross-tie structure in the stripes perpendicular to the applied field, (ii) nucleation and fast motion of special boundaries, which consist of a number of coupled vortices located along both edges of the stripes parallel to the applied field, and (iii) nonuniform magnetization rotation with macrodomain nucleation and domain wall motion in the large unpatterned part of the films.

[Age associated clinical features of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis].

Detailed analysis of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis clinical course allowed identifying clinical features of the disease specific for elderly and senile patients. The paper describes the peculiarities of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis in elderly and senile patients including those having oroantral sinus tract.

[Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis in elderly and old age].

On the basis of a detailed analysis of the clinical picture of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis the peculiarities of its flow in elderly and senile patients are demonstrated. The causes of odontogenic inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, the clinical features of inflammation of the maxillary sinus in older age groups, including those with oroantral communication are shown.

Bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract in healthy and injured rats.

Objective: To study the phenomenon of asymptomatic penetration of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract into various tissues of healthy rats and rats with skin wounds and closed fractures at different doses and with different species of bacteria.

Method: Healthy rats and rats with full-thickness skin wounds and closed femoral fractures were given varying doses of radiolabeled bacteria (S. aureus 209P or B.

[Sporobakterin impact on atherogenic dyslipidemia at patients with intestinal dysbacteriosis].

Unlabelled: The aim was to evaluate the correlation of intestinal microflora with indicators of lipid metabolism and the possibility of its correcting with sporobakterin.

Material And Methods: 38 patients from gastroenterological department (men - 18 women - 20, average age - 54,00 +/- 13,59 years), trapped in a random 5% sample. Were assessed the state of the luminal microflora in the large intestine and total cholesterol, b-lipoprotein (b-PL) and HDL in serum levels.

Asymmetric domain nucleation and unusual magnetization reversal in ultrathin Co films with perpendicular anisotropy.

We report unexpected phenomena during magnetization reversal in ultrathin Co films and Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy. Using magneto-optical Kerr microscopy and magnetic force microscopy we have observed asymmetrical nucleation centers where the reversal begins for one direction of the field only and is characterized by an acute asymmetry of domain-wall mobility. We have also observed magnetic domains with a continuously varying average magnetization, which can be explained in terms of the coexistence of three magnetic phases: up, down, and striped.

Antisymmetric magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy.

While magnetoresistance (MR) has generally been found to be symmetric in applied field in nonmagnetic or magnetic metals, we have observed antisymmetric MR in Co/Pt multilayers. Simultaneous domain imaging and transport measurements show that the antisymmetric MR is due to the appearance of domain walls that run perpendicular to both the magnetization and the current, a geometry existing only in materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. As a result, the extraordinary Hall effect gives rise to circulating currents in the vicinity of the domain walls that contributes to the MR.

Infection prophylaxis of gunshot wounds using probiotics.

Objective: To report a new method of surgical infection prophylaxis for postoperative gunshot wounds to the extremities.

Method: Gunshot wounded animals were divided into three groups: treatment (probiotic Sporobacterin), antibiotic (cephalosporin cefamezin) and control (no treatment). Histological studies of wound-bed tissue were taken on days 1, 3, 5 and 10 of the study.

[Experimental-clinical basis for using sporobacterin in the combined treatment of pancreonecrosis].

Experimental investigations on translocation of the intestinal microflora on the model of acute pancreatitis were performed in 54 animals (albino rats) and showed an increased bacterial dissemination of parenchymatous organs of the abdominal cavity as the inflammatory and destructive alterations increased in the pancreas. E. coli aggravated the inflammatory alterations in the pancreas while B.

Asymmetry in elementary events of magnetization reversal in a ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayer.

Real-time magneto-optical indicator film images reveal distinct asymmetry in the motion of a single domain wall in a wedged-NiFe/uniform-FeMn bilayer due to the nucleation and behavior of an exchange spring in the antiferromagnetic layer. Magnetization reversal from the ground state begins at the thick end of the wedge where the exchange anisotropy field (HE) is minimal and the magnetostatic field (HMS) is maximal, whereas reversal into the ground state begins from the thin end where HE is maximal and HMS is minimal.

Direct magneto-optical observation of a structural phase transition in thin films of manganites.

The spontaneous formation of twins in La(2/3)Ca(1/3)MnO3 films below T(S) approximately 105 K is observed by a magneto-optical technique. The twins are revealed as stripes along the {110} directions where magnetization tilts out of the film plane due to the stresses in twins. Their appearance is associated with a martensitic phase transition in the film triggered by the cubic-to-tetragonal transition in the SrTiO3 substrate.