Toxicological Characteristics of Bacterial Nanocellulose in an In Vivo Experiment-Part 1: The Systemic Effects.

Unlabelled: Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is being considered as a potential replacement for microcrystalline cellulose as a food additive and a source of dietary fiber due to its unique properties. However, studies on the risks of consuming BNC in food are limited, and it is not yet approved for use in food in the US, EU, and Russia.

Aim: This study aims to perform a toxicological and hygienic assessment of the safety of BNC in a subacute 8-week administration in rats.

Comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of l-carnitine and transresveratrol in rats with diet-induced obesity.

Objectives: Transresveratrol (Res) and l-carnitine (l-Car) are proposed to alleviate metabolic and immune disorders and increase physical activity in obese individuals. This study aims to estimate the effect of Res and l-Car in rats with diet-induced obesity.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed a diet with excess fat and fructose (high-fat high-carbohydrate diet [HFCD]) supplemented with Res and l-Car at doses of 25 and 300 mg/kg of body weight, respectively, for 63 d.

Lipoic Acid Exacerbates Oxidative Stress and Lipid Accumulation in the Liver of Wistar Rats Fed a Hypercaloric Choline-Deficient Diet.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently estimated as the most prevalent chronic liver disease in all age groups. An increasing body of evidence obtained in experimental and clinical data indicates that oxidative stress is the most important pathogenic factor in the development of NAFLD. The study aimed to investigate the impact of α-lipoic acid (LA), widely used as an antioxidant, on the effects of a hypercaloric choline-deficient diet.

Effects of Tyrosine and Tryptophan Supplements on the Vital Indicators in Mice Differently Prone to Diet-Induced Obesity.

We studied the effects of the addition of large neutral amino acids, such as tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp), in mice DBA/2J and tetrahybrid mice DBCB receiving a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) for 65 days. The locomotor activity, anxiety, muscle tone, mass of internal organs, liver morphology, adipokines, cytokines, and biochemical indices of animals were assessed. The Tyr supplementation potentiated increased anxiety in EPM and contributed to a muscle tone increase, a decrease in the AST/ALT ratio, and an increase in protein anabolism in both mice strains.

Detrimental effects of 6 months exposure to very low doses of a mixture of six pesticides associated with chronic vitamin deficiency on rats.

This study aimed to evaluate the long-term low-dose effects of exposure to a mixture of 6 pesticide active substances (diquat, imazamox, imazethapyr, tepraloxydin, bentazone, acifluorfen) and to elucidate if chronic vitamin deficiency can influence their toxicity. Two hundred Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups: a vitamin-sufficiency control group, a vitamin-deficiency control group, a vitamin sufficiency test group and a vitamin-deficiency test group. The test groups were treated with the aforementioned pesticides at doses 100 times lower than the corresponding NOAEL.

Effects of Tyrosine and Tryptophan in Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity.

Amino acids tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp) play a significant role in the regulation of energy metabolism, locomotor activity, and eating behavior. We studied the possibility of modulating these processes in obesity by increasing the pool of Tyr and Trp in the experimental diet. As a model of obesity, we used Wistar rats fed a diet with an excess specific energy value (HFCD) for 64 days.

Content of essential and toxic trace elements in organs of obese Wistar and Zucker lepr rats receiving quercetin.

Background: The levels of a number of essential and toxic trace elements in organs and tissues are affected by the disruptions in body homeostasis caused by obesity. Some of these elements may also be influenced by the consumption of biologically active substances of polyphenolic origin, which possess potent abilities to complex with transition metal ions.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the content of essential and toxic trace elements in Wistar outbred and hereditary obese Zucker Lepr (Z) rats consuming a standard balanced diet or hypercaloric diet with excess fat and fructose, supplemented with quercetin or not supplemented.

Effect of resveratrol on behavioral, biochemical, and immunological parameters of DBA/2J and tetrahybrid DBCB mice receiving diet with excess fat and fructose.

Polyphenolic biologically active substances (BAS) including resveratrol (R) can exert beneficial effects on fat accumulation, blood pressure, glycemia, insulin sensitivity, and plasma lipid profile in patients with obesity, and associated diseases. The study aimed to determine the effect of R at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight on the DBA/2J and DBCB mice with diet-induced obesity followed by the consumption high-fat high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD). Behavioral reactions (elevated plus maze [EPM]) and muscle tone (the strength of the forepaw grip) were tested, and plasma biochemical and immunological parameters were assessed.

Effects of quercetin on the neuromotor function and behavioral responses of Wistar and Zucker rats fed a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet.

Quercetin can affect some pathological manifestations in obesity. The mechanism underlying the presumed therapeutic effect of quercetin is probably related to the influence on the central processes regulating energy homeostasis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of quercetin on the neuromotor and behavioral functions in Zucker (Z) and Wistar (W) rats with genetically and/or diet-induced obesity.

Comparative analysis of the influence of a high-fat/high-carbohydrate diet on the level of anxiety and neuromotor and cognitive functions in Wistar and DAT-KO rats.

We compared anxiety, neuromotor, and cognitive functions in mutant rats with different allelic variants of dopamine transporter DAT knockout receiving balanced or excess in fat and fructose diet. The experiments were performed in DAT-/- homozygotes, DAT+/- heterozygotes, and DAT+/+ wild type rats. The genotype of DAT-KO rats was confirmed by restriction analysis of DAT gene compared to behavioral responses in the open field test (OF).

Activity of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in the liver of rats with multi-vitamin deficiency.

The purpose of the study was to determine how multi-vitamin deficiency affects xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme (XME) activities in the rat liver. Vitamin levels and XME activities were studied in the livers of male Wistar rats who were fed for 4 weeks with semi-synthetic diets containing either adequate (100 % of recommended vitamin intake) levels of vitamins (control), or decreased vitamin levels (50 % or 20 % of recommended vitamin intake). The study results have shown that moderate vitamin deficiency (50 %) leads to a decrease of vitamin A levels only, and to a slight increase, as compared with the control, in the following enzyme activities: methoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (MROD) activity of CYP1 A2 - by 34 % (p < 0.