Development of the Pipette-Tip Micro-Solid-Phase Extraction for Extraction of Rutin From Lam. Using Activated Hollow Carbon Nanospheres as Sorbents.

Herein, a micro-solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was developed using a pipette tip for rutin extraction, employing activated hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNSs) as the sorbent. Characterization of the activated carbon nanospheres through TGA, FTIR, and SEM analysis confirmed the success of the activation process. The study demonstrated the efficacy of PT-SPE in rutin extraction under pH 2 conditions with a standard concentration of 2 mg·L.

Application of a kosmotrope (NaCO) and chaotrope (NaCl) in chemometric optimization of aqueous two-phase extraction of bioactive compounds in .

Enterolactone, coumaric acid and vitexin are polyphenolic compounds present in a variety of fruits, vegetables, cereals and plants. These bioactive compounds are in high demand due to their antioxidant property in various tissues and organs. The purpose of this study was to develop a simultaneous extraction method, an aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) method, that would enable the extraction of these compounds from .

A Relook into the Flavonoid Chemical Space of Lam. Leaves through a Combination of LC-MS and Molecular Networking.

Lam. is a functional tree that is known to produce a variety of metabolites with purported pharmacological activities. It is frequently called the "miracle tree" due to its utilization in numerous nutraceutical and pharmacological contexts.

Rationalising the retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation pattern of viscutins using electrospray interface-tandem mass spectrometry coupled to theoretical modelling.

Rationale: Although mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool in structural elucidation of unknown flavonoids based on their unique fragmentation patterns, proposing the correct fragmentation mechanism is still a challenge from tandem mass spectrometry data only. In recent years, computational tools such as molecular networking and MS2LDA have played a major role in the identification of structurally related compounds through an in-depth survey of their fragmentation patterns.

Methods: Therefore, in this study, three viscutin molecules in Viscum combreticola Engl.

Biosorption of toxic metal ions (Cr, Cd) and nutrients (PO) from aqueous solution by diatom biomass.

This paper evaluates diatom biomass as a biosorbent for removing Cr, Cd, and PO ions from water. The diatom was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS) for its crystallinity, functional groups, and morphology. A batch sorption study was conducted to evaluate the parameters influencing Cr, Cd, and PO ions adsorption, and the mechanisms were explored.

Recyclable polysaccharide/stimuli-responsive polymer composites and their applications in water remediation.

The use of composites of stimuli-responsive polymers with polysaccharides during water remediation has gained impetus in recent years. The applications of composites of polysaccharides (chitosan, cellulose and cyclodextrin) with stimuli-responsive polymers (CO-, thermo-, light-, and pH-responsive polymers) were reviewed in this paper. These smart composites have tuneable physicochemical properties that enable them to form tailor-made adsorbents for the adsorption of pollutants from water.

Evaluation of a Chaotrope and Kosmotrope in the Multivariate Optimization of PHW-ATPE of Solasodine from Leaves of .

A hyphenated pressurized hot water—aqueous two-phase extraction (PHW-ATPE) method was applied to extract solasodine from Solanum mauritianum (S. mauritianum). A central composite design (CCD) was applied to determine the optimal conditions for the extraction of solasodine.

Diverse chemical modifications of the chlorogenic acid composition of Viscum combreticola Engl.: A premise for the state of readiness against excessive sunlight exposure.

Mistletoe plants that are positioned on the canopy of their hosts are more susceptible to UV radiation exposure. These aerial plants are resistant to damage by UV radiation due the presence of epidermal constituents such as the cuticle, cork layer, trichomes and antioxidant secondary metabolites. In response to the photo-oxidative stress associated with UV exposure, plants generally deploy photo-protective responsive mechanisms that involve the biosynthesis of UV absorbing phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acids (CGAs).

Synthesis and evaluation of the oil removal potential of 3-bromo-benzimidazolone polymer grafted silica gel.

This work reports the synthesis of 3-bromo-benzimidazolone using melt condensation, its polymerization and functionalization on silica which was extracted from diatomaceous earth in our previous work. The synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR, NMR, SEM-EDS and TEM. The FTIR and NMR spectra of the synthesized benzimidazolones showed the compounds to have several functional groups: A band due to Si-O-C at 1085.

Advances in the application of chitosan-based metal organic frameworks as adsorbents for environmental remediation.

Chitosan is a bio-adsorbent with many amino and hydroxyl groups. The physicochemical properties of chitosan can be greatly enhanced by the formation of composites with other adsorbents. Thus, some researchers have incorporated metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) such as MIL (Materials Institute Lavoisier), UiO (University of Oslo), ZIF (Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks) and, HKUST (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) series into the chitosan structure resulting in the formation of adsorbents with better adsorptive properties and mechanical stability.

Enrichment of tetracycline residues from honey samples using carrier-mediated hollow fibre liquid-phase micro-extraction and quantification by LC-Q-TOF/MS.

Background: In this study, development and validation of a simple, miniaturized and, environmentally friendly carrier-mediated three-phase hollow-fibre liquid-phase micro-extraction (HFLPME) technique was investigated for the enrichment of tetracycline residues in honey samples. The extracts were analysed using UV-visible spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF/MS). Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of HFLPME such as pH of the donor and acceptor solutions, salt addition, agitation speed and extraction time were optimized.

Application of polysaccharide-based metal organic framework membranes in separation science.

Polysaccharide/MOF composite membranes have captured the interests of many researchers during decontamination of polluted environments. Their popularity can be attributed to the relatively high chemical and thermal stabilities of these composite membranes. Chitosan is among the polysaccharides extensively used during the synthesis of hybrid membranes with MOFs.

Critical review of solid phase extraction for multiresidue clean-up and pre-concentration of antibiotics from livestock and poultry manure.

The release of antibiotics into the environment from agricultural industries has received tremendous attention in recent years. Nonpoint source contamination of the terrestrial environment by these compounds can result from fertilisation of agricultural soils with manure. The presence of antibiotics and their metabolites in manure may pose a threat to agro-ecosystems.

Effectiveness of wetlands to phytoremediate zinc, lead and chromium.

This study was conducted to assess the levels of zinc, chromium and lead in the Mvudi River, located in Thohoyandou in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Enlighten with the recent developments of plant species as remediates, plants were sampled for this study to assess their phytoremediation efficiency. The surface water and plant samples were collected before, within and after a wetland near a cement brick making factory.

Advances in the development of biopolymeric adsorbents for the extraction of metabolites from nutraceuticals with emphasis on Solanaceae and subsequent pharmacological applications.

Biopolymers are renowned for their sustainable, biodegradable, biocompatible and most of them have antitoxic characteristics. These versatile naturally derived compounds include proteins, polynucleotides (RNA and DNA) and polysaccharides. Cellulose and chitosan are the most abundant polysaccharides.

Investigating the chromium status, heavy metal contamination, and ecological risk assessment via tannery waste disposal in sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya and South Africa).

To mitigate the negative environmental and public health concerns associated with increased industrial discharges amid the rapid industrial growth, sub-Saharan African countries have instituted several environmental regulations and policies. However, a paradox of good environmental policies but inadequate enforcement exists in most of these countries, with information on the pollution level unknown due to poor monitoring resources. In this study, potentially toxic heavy metal contamination and physicochemical characteristics in effluents and dumpsite soils of two tanneries in Kenya (DB) and South Africa (BO) were evaluated during the dry and rainy season of 2018.

Switchable solvent-based micro-extraction of pesticides in food and environmental samples.

Switchable solvents are new generation solvents that are environmentally friendly and can be used for the effective pre-concentration of pesticide residues in food and environmental matrices. They have physico-chemical properties that can be switched abruptly and reversibly between two opposite forms. The common switchable solvents used commonly during pesticide pre-concentration involve polarity switch.

Emerging green solvents and their applications during pesticide analysis in food and environmental samples.

Green solvents reduce secondary pollution of the environment during pesticide pre-concentration in food and environmental matrices. Ionic liquids are among the green solvents that are widely used during pesticides analysis. Their physico-chemical properties can be easily modified by changing the cation/anion combinations in their structures.

Supramolecular solvent-based micro-extraction of pesticides in food and environmental samples.

Supramolecular solvent-based micro-extraction is a very important green technique for the isolation and pre-concentration of pesticide residues in food and environmental samples prior to their chromatographic analysis. The attractive features of supramolecular solvent-based micro-extraction include its simplicity, high pre-concentration factor, fastness, accuracy, low cost, less consumption of chemical reagents and environmental friendliness. The supramolecular solvent is generated from a ternary mixture of amphiphiles, water and a water miscible dispersion and coacervating solvent.

Z-sep+ based QuEChERS technique for the pre-concentration of malathion pesticide in fruits followed by analysis using UV-Vis spectroscopy.

In this work, the concentrations of malathion in fruits were determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry prior to pre-concentration using QuEChERS. The Z-sep/PSA sorbent combination was used for the d-SPE clean-up and extraction was done using acetonitrile during QuEChERS. The absorbance of malathion was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 415 nm.

Response Surface Optimization of Oil Removal Using Synthesized Polypyrrole-Silica Polymer Composite.

The severity of oil pollution, brought about by improper management, increases daily with an increase in the exploration and usage of oil, especially with an increase in industrialization. Conventional oil treatment methods are either expensive or time consuming, hence the need for new technologies. The aim of this research is to synthesize polypyrrole-modified silica for the treatment of oily wastewater.

Deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction of pesticides in food samples.

Deep eutectic solvents are versatile, green and new generation solvents that can be used during dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction techniques for pesticides. They have tunable physico-chemical properties that can be easily changed by varying the ratios of hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors in their structures. Deep eutectic solvents are non-flammable, chemically and thermally stable solvents with low vapour pressure.

Application of sorptive micro-extraction techniques for the pre-concentration of antibiotic drug residues from food samples - a review.

Antibiotic residues have become a major concern worldwide as food contaminants due to the risk that they may pose to human health. The presence of these residues in food is due to improper veterinary practices. Consequently, rapid and cost-effective clean-up methods prior to analysis for these residues in food matrices are increasingly becoming necessary in order to ensure food safety.

Application of carboxymethyl polysaccharides as bio-sorbents for the sequestration of heavy metals in aquatic environments.

The removal of hazardous heavy metals from the environment is imperative in order to have quality of water. Robust and eco-friendly technologies are required for the treatment of domestic, agricultural and industrial effluents. The effective treatment of wastewaters can be done using chemically modified polysaccharides as adsorbents of these toxic heavy metals.

The Potential Health Risk Associated with Edible Vegetables Grown on Cr(VI) Polluted Soils.

This study reports on the assessment of the growth potential of five edible vegetables, which were grown in Cr(VI) spiked soils. The vegetable plants that were used in this study were , , , and . Dried ground samples from roots, stems and leaves were analysed for various oxidation states of Cr.