Fungicide Sensitivity and Non-Target Site Resistance in Isolates Collected from Corn and Soybean Fields in Nebraska.

was recently identified as the major species in corn and soybean fields in Nebraska and was shown to be pathogenic on corn and soybean seedlings. Fungicide seed treatments commonly used to manage seedling diseases include prothioconazole (demethylation inhibitor), fludioxonil (phenylpyrrole), sedaxane (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor), and azoxystrobin (quinone outside inhibitor; QoI). To establish the sensitivity of to these fungicides, we isolated this pathogen from corn and soybean fields in Nebraska during 2015 to 2017 and estimated the relative effective concentration for 50% inhibition (EC) of a total of 91 isolates from Nebraska and Illinois.

Non-Destructive Monitoring of Foliar Fungicide Efficacy with Hyperspectral Sensing in Grapevine.

Frequent fungicide applications are required to manage grapevine powdery mildew (). However, this practice is costly and has led to widespread fungicide resistance. A method of monitoring in-field fungicide efficacy could help growers maximize spray-interval length, thereby reducing costs and the rate of fungicide resistance emergence.

Effects of Nighttime Applications of Germicidal Ultraviolet Light Upon Powdery Mildew (), Downy Mildew (), and Sour Rot of Grapevine.

Nighttime applications of germicidal ultraviolet were evaluated as a means to suppress three diseases of grapevine. In laboratory studies, UV-C light (peak 254 nm, FWHM 5 nm) applied during darkness strongly inhibited the germination of conidia of , and at a dose of 200 J/m, germination was zero. Reciprocity of irradiance and duration of exposure with respect to conidial germination was confirmed for UV-C doses between 0 and 200 J/m applied at 4 or 400 s.

Evolutionary Significance of Fungal Hypermutators: Lessons Learned from Clinical Strains and Implications for Fungal Plant Pathogens.

Rapid evolution of fungal pathogens poses a serious threat to medicine and agriculture. The mutation rate determines the pace of evolution of a fungal pathogen. Hypermutator fungal strains have an elevated mutation rate owing to certain defects such as those in the DNA mismatch repair system.

Diversity and Aggressiveness of spp. from Nebraska on Soybean and Cross-Pathogenicity to Corn and Wheat.

and -like species of fungi that cause disease are known to have varying host ranges and aggressiveness. Accurate identification of these species causing disease is important for soybean disease management that relies upon crop rotation. The anamorphic genus contains several diverse species and anastomosis groups (AGs) including some known soybean pathogens, such as , whereas for others the ability to cause disease on soybean has not been well described.

Population Genomics of Filamentous Plant Pathogens-A Brief Overview of Research Questions, Approaches, and Pitfalls.

With ever-decreasing sequencing costs, research on the population biology of plant pathogens is transitioning from population genetics-using dozens of genetic markers or polymorphism data of several genes-to population genomics-using several hundred to tens of thousands of markers or whole-genome sequence data. The field of population genomics is characterized by rapid theoretical and methodological advances and by numerous steps and pitfalls in its technical and analytical workflow. In this article, we aim to provide a brief overview of topics relevant to the study of population genomics of filamentous plant pathogens and direct readers to more extensive reviews for in-depth understanding.

Spontaneous and Fungicide-Induced Genomic Variation in .

Stress from exposure to sublethal fungicide doses may cause genomic instability in fungal plant pathogens, which may accelerate the emergence of fungicide resistance or other adaptive traits. In a previous study, five strains of were exposed to sublethal doses of four fungicides with different modes of action, and genotyping showed that such exposure induced mutations. The goal of the present study was to characterize genome-wide mutations in response to sublethal fungicide stress in and study the effect of genomic background on the mutational repertoire.