Assessment of Influential Variables in the Pricing of Locally Manufactured Pharmaceuticals: Current Challenging Situation in Iran.

The lack of transparency and predictability seems to remain one of the major complaints in the pharmaceutical pricing procedure in Iran, but there is not enough official evidence to support it. The main objective of this study was to identify influential variables officially or unofficially influencing the pharmaceuticals pricing in Iran and also clarifying the degree of importance of each variable from the viewpoints of two groups: the pricing Commission members (owners of pricing procedure) and other stakeholders in the pharmaceutical sector. Semi-structured interviews with experts were performed to extract the influential variables.

Cost-utility analysis of Macitentan Vs. Bosentan in pulmonary atrial hypertension.

Objective: Endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists (ERAs) have considerable improvements in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients' symptoms. Macitentan, a novel ERA, has more significant positive effects like reduction of morbidity and mortality in PAH patients by 45% and decreases PAH hospitalization. Besides, macitentan was able to improve both the physical and mental aspects of patients' lives.

An educational intervention to improve nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice toward reporting of adverse drug reactions.

Background: The reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by nurses in hospitals is very important.

Aims: This study was aimed at investigating the impact of an educational intervention to improve ADR reporting and whether trained nurses had better knowledge, attitude, and practice toward ADR reporting.

Materials And Methods: A total of 300 nurses in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran were evaluated with a knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaire regarding ADR reporting in March 2010.

Iranian pharmacists' knowledge, attitude and practice regarding counterfeit drugs.

Background Awareness of pharmacists about counterfeit drugs is necessary for health improvement in community. The purpose of the present study is to assess the knowledge and measure the professional attitude and practice of Iranian pharmacist about counterfeit drugs. In August 2008, a knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) study was performed in a national sample of 794 pharmacists who participated in an Iranian Pharmacist Association congress.