Facebook Intrusion as a Mediator Between Positive Capital and General Distress: A Cross-Cultural Study.

Social networking sites (SNSs) play an important role in many aspects of life nowadays, and it seems to be crucial to explore their impact on human well-being and functioning. The main aim of the study was to examine the mediating role of Facebook intrusion between positive capital and general distress. Positive capital was considered as comprising self-esteem, ego-resiliency, and self-control, while general distress was seen as having three dimensions: depression, anxiety, and stress.

A comparison of four different models of acute respiratory distress syndrome in sheep.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can have various causes. The study objective was to investigate whether different pathophysiologic models of ARDS would show different respiratory, cardiovascular and inflammatory outcomes.

Methods: We performed a prospective, randomized study in 27 ventilated ewes inducing ARDS using three different techniques to mimic the pulmonary causes of ARDS (ARDSp): warm saline lavage (n = 6), intratracheal hydrochloric acid (HCl; n = 6), intratracheal albumin (n = 10), and one technique to mimic an extrapulmonary cause of ARDS (ARDSexp): intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS iv; n = 5).

Vitamin A Supplementation by Endotracheal Application of a Nano-encapsulated Preparation Is Feasible in Ventilated Preterm Lambs.

Background: Vitamin A (VA) is crucial for lung growth and development. In premature infants, inadequate VA levels are associated with an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Intramuscular VA supplementation has been shown to decrease the incidence of BPD, but is not widely used in the clinical setting due to concerns about feasibility and pain.

The effect of parental style on bullying and cyber bullying behaviors and the mediating role of peer attachment relationships: A longitudinal study.

The purpose of the present study was the examination of the longitudinal effect of parental style on short-term changes in conventional and cyber forms of bullying/victimization, and the investigation of the mediating role of peer attachment relationships on this effect. The participants were 861 children and adolescents (52% girls, M = 11.72 years) attending Cyprus public institutions.

Intra-amniotic Candida albicans infection induces mucosal injury and inflammation in the ovine fetal intestine.

Chorioamnionitis is caused by intrauterine infection with microorganisms including Candida albicans (C.albicans). Chorioamnionitis is associated with postnatal intestinal pathologies including necrotizing enterocolitis.

Global hypoxia-ischemia induced inflammation and structural changes in the preterm ovine gut which were not ameliorated by mesenchymal stem cell treatment.

Perinatal asphyxia, a condition of impaired gas exchange during birth, leads to fetal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and is associated with postnatal adverse outcomes including intestinal dysmotility and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Evidence from adult animal models of transient, locally-induced intestinal HI has shown that inflammation is essential in HI-induced injury of the gut. Importantly, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment prevented this HI-induced intestinal damage.

Multipotent adult progenitor cells for hypoxic-ischemic injury in the preterm brain.

Background: Preterm infants are at risk for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. No therapy exists to treat this brain injury and subsequent long-term sequelae. We have previously shown in a well-established pre-clinical model of global hypoxia-ischemia (HI) that mesenchymal stem cells are a promising candidate for the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

Systemic interleukin-2 administration improves lung function and modulates chorioamnionitis-induced pulmonary inflammation in the ovine fetus.

Chorioamnionitis, an inflammatory reaction of the fetal membranes to microbes, is an important cause of preterm birth and associated with inflammation-driven lung injury. However, inflammation in utero overcomes immaturity of the premature lung by inducing surfactant lipids and lung gas volume. Previously, we found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chorioamnionitis resulted in pulmonary inflammation with increased effector T cells and decreased regulatory T cell (Treg) numbers.

Selective IL-1α exposure to the fetal gut, lung, and chorioamnion/skin causes intestinal inflammatory and developmental changes in fetal sheep.

Chorioamnionitis, caused by intra-amniotic exposure to bacteria and their toxic components, is associated with fetal gut inflammation and mucosal injury. In a translational ovine model, we have shown that these adverse intestinal outcomes to chorioamnionitis were the combined result of local gut and pulmonary-driven systemic immune responses. Chorioamnionitis-induced gut inflammation and injury was largely prevented by inhibiting interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling.

Nebulization of Poractant alfa via a vibrating membrane nebulizer in spontaneously breathing preterm lambs with binasal continuous positive pressure ventilation.

Background: Surfactant replacement therapy is the gold standard treatment of neonatal respiratory distress (RDS). Nebulization is a noninvasive mode of surfactant administration. We administered Poractant alfa (Curosurf) via a vibrating perforated membrane nebulizer (eFlow Neonatal Nebulizer) to spontaneously breathing preterm lambs during binasal continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPAP).

Fully automated predictive intelligent control of oxygenation (PRICO) in resuscitation and ventilation of preterm lambs.

Background: Hyperoxia and hypoxia influence morbidity and mortality of preterm infants. Automated closed-loop control of the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO(2)) has been shown to facilitate oxygen supplementation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), but has not yet been tested during preterm resuscitation. We hypothesized that fully automated FiO(2) control based on predefined oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) targets was applicable in both preterm resuscitation and ventilation.

Prophylactic Interleukin-2 Treatment Prevents Fetal Gut Inflammation and Injury in an Ovine Model of Chorioamnionitis.

Background: Chorioamnionitis results from an infection of the fetal membranes and is associated with fetal adverse outcomes notably in the intestine. Using a translational ovine model, we showed that intra-amniotic exposure to inflammatory stimuli decreased the regulatory/effector T (Treg/Teff) cell balance in the gut, which was accompanied by intestinal inflammation and mucosal injury. We thus aimed to augment the Treg/Teff cell ratio in the fetal gut by prophylactic IL-2 treatment and evaluate whether it is sufficient to prevent chorioamnionitis-induced intestinal inflammation and mucosal injury.

Preconditioning by oxygen-glucose deprivation preserves cell proliferation and reduces cytotoxicity in primary astrocyte cultures.

Hypoxic-ischemic preconditioning (HIPC) has a neuroprotective effect against a subsequent, more severe perinatal hypoxic-ischemic episode. The protective processes of preconditioning (PC) in the immature brain remain undefined but are most likely related to the immune cells of the central nervous system. To determine the role of astrocytes in HIPC, we initially exposed primary rat astrocytes to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 30 minutes as a PC stimulus.

Acute and chronic immunomodulatory changes in rat liver after fetal and perinatal asphyxia.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) caused by fetal and perinatal asphyxia is an important cause of mortality in the neonatal period. Not only will asphyxia affect the brain but also other organs such as the liver and kidneys. Interestingly, it has been shown that liver damage is proportional to the severity of the asphyctic insult, implying an association between liver impairment and HIE.

Effects of less-invasive surfactant administration on oxygenation, pulmonary surfactant distribution, and lung compliance in spontaneously breathing preterm lambs.

Background: A new technique was proposed to administer surfactant to spontaneous breathing preterm infants by placing a thin catheter through the vocal cords. This technique was not studied with respect to oxygenation, gas exchange, surfactant distribution, and lung mechanics. We tested the technique of less-invasive surfactant administration (LISA) in a spontaneous breathing preterm lamb model.

Effects of intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide and maternal betamethasone on brain inflammation in fetal sheep.

Rationale: Chorioamnionitis and antenatal glucocorticoids are common exposures for preterm infants and can affect the fetal brain, contributing to cognitive and motor deficits in preterm infants. The effects of antenatal glucocorticoids on the brain in the setting of chorioamnionitis are unknown. We hypothesized that antenatal glucocorticoids would modulate inflammation in the brain and prevent hippocampal and white matter injury after intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure.

Systemic G-CSF attenuates cerebral inflammation and hypomyelination but does not reduce seizure burden in preterm sheep exposed to global hypoxia-ischemia.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is common in preterm infants, but currently no curative therapy is available. Cell-based therapy has a great potential in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic preterm brain injury. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is known to mobilize endogenous hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and promotes proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells.

Fetal asphyxia induces acute and persisting changes in the ceramide metabolism in rat brain.

Fetal asphyctic preconditioning, induced by a brief episode of experimental hypoxia-ischemia, offers neuroprotection to a subsequent more severe asphyctic insult at birth. Extensive cell stress and apoptosis are important contributing factors of damage in the asphyctic neonatal brain. Because ceramide acts as a second messenger for multiple apoptotic stimuli, including hypoxia/ischemia, we sought to investigate the possible involvement of the ceramide pathway in endogenous neuroprotection induced by fetal asphyctic preconditioning.

Fetal asphyctic preconditioning modulates the acute cytokine response thereby protecting against perinatal asphyxia in neonatal rats.

Background: Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is a major cause of brain damage and neurodevelopmental impairment in infants. Recent investigations have shown that experimental sublethal fetal asphyxia (FA preconditioning) protects against a subsequent more severe asphyctic insult at birth. The molecular mechanisms of this protection have, however, not been elucidated.

Perioperative dilutional coagulopathy treated with fresh frozen plasma and fibrinogen concentrate: a prospective randomized intervention trial.

Background And Objectives:   Treatment of dilutional coagulopathy by transfusing fresh frozen plasma (FFP) remains sub-optimal. We hypothesized that partial replacement of transfused FFP by fibrinogen concentrate results in improved coagulant activity and haemostasis. This was tested in a controlled clinical intervention trial with patients experiencing massive bleeding during major surgery.