Antioxidant Effect of Naringin Demonstrated Through a Bayes' Theorem Driven Multidisciplinary Approach Reveals its Prophylactic Potential as a Dietary Supplement for Ischemic Stroke.

Naringin (NAR), a flavanone glycoside, occurs widely in citrus fruits, vegetables, and alcoholic beverages. Despite evidence of the neuroprotective effects of NAR on animal models of ischemic stroke, brain cell-type-specific data about the antioxidant efficacy of NAR and possible protein targets of such beneficial effects are limited. Here, we demonstrate the brain cell type-specific prophylactic role of NAR, an FDA-listed food additive, in an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model of cerebral ischemia using MTT and DCFDA assays.

Scalable organocatalytic one pot asymmetric Strecker reaction camphor sulfonyl functionalized crown-ether-tethered calix[4]arene.

In this communication, we designed a highly selective camphor sulfonyl functionalized crown-ether-tethered calix[4]arene-derived organocatalyst for asymmetric Strecker reaction to provide the desired cyano adducts in high yields (∼99.9% yield) and enantioselectivities (up to 99.3% ee).

Adverse Metal Reaction in a Case of Metal-on-Polyethylene Hip Arthroplasty.

Soft tissue inflammatory responses to metal debris from prostheses, categorised as adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD), are frequent complications of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and often result in implant failure. Introducing modular implant designs in modern orthopaedics has brought benefits to total hip replacements but has also increased patients' susceptibility to corrosion-related risks. ARMD can develop from various metal articulating surfaces, including ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP), ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC), metal-on-metal (MoM), and metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) configurations.

Cardiogenic Shock Intravascular Cooling Trial (CHILL-SHOCK).

Background: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is complicated by high mortality rates. Targeted temperature control (TTC) has been proposed as an adjunct therapy in CS. This study aims to examine the safety of TTC in patients presenting with CS.

Antimicrobial use and appropriateness in neutropenic fever: a study of the Hospital National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey data.

Background: Neutropenic fever (NF) is a common complication in patients receiving chemotherapy. Judicious antimicrobial use is paramount to minimize morbidity and mortality and to avoid antimicrobial-related harms.

Objectives: To use an Australian national dataset of antimicrobial prescriptions for the treatment of NF to describe antimicrobial use, prescription guideline compliance and appropriateness; and to compare these findings across different healthcare settings and patient demographics.

Approach to diagnostic evaluation and prevention of invasive fungal disease in patients prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

In recent years, advancements in the treatment landscape for hematological malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, have significantly improved disease prognosis and overall survival. However, the treatment landscape is changing and the emergence of targeted oral therapies and immune-based treatments has brought forth new challenges in evaluating and preventing invasive fungal diseases (IFDs). IFD disproportionately affects immunocompromised hosts, particularly those undergoing therapy for acute leukemia and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in patients with neutropenia at high risk of serious infections: Exploring pros and cons.

Background: The use of fluoroquinolones to prevent infections in neutropenic patients with cancer or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a controversial issue, with international guidelines providing conflicting recommendations. Although potential benefits are clear, concerns revolve around efficacy, potential harms, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) implications.

Discussion: Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis reduces neutropenic fever (NF) bloodstream infections and other serious bacterial infections, based on evidence from systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies in adults and children.

Comparing the Efficacy of Postoperative Antibiotic Regimens in the Treatment of Maxillofacial Fractures: A Prospective Study.

Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the difference in the effectiveness of a 3 day postoperative course and a single perioperative dose of antibiotics on the incidence of postoperative infection in the management of maxillofacial trauma patients.

Materials And Methods: About 183 maxillofacial trauma patients requiring open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) under general anesthesia were divided based on the type of fracture sustained, i.e.

Discharge prescription patterns for antiplatelet and statin therapy following carotid endarterectomy: an analysis of the vascular quality initiative.

Objectives: Despite guidelines endorsing statin and single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) therapy post-carotid endarterectomy (CEA), these medications may be either under or inappropriately prescribed. We determined rates of new statin prescriptions as well as change in antiplatelet therapy (APT) regimen at discharge. We identified characteristics associated with these occurrences.

Skin Cancer: An Insight on its Association with Aging, Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies.

Skin cancer is one of the deadly diseases of the skin characterized by pain and uncontrolled growth of cells. The pathogenesis of skin cancer involves the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in the part of the body affected by an accumulation of genome variation over the course of a lifetime. The incidence of skin cancer has been increasing all over the world and has been reported more in old-aged persons.

Validation of Remote Digital Pathology based diagnostic reporting of Frozen Sections from home.

Background: Despite the promising applications of whole-slide imaging (WSI) for frozen section (FS) diagnosis, its adoption for remote reporting is limited.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and performance of home-based remote digital consultation for FS diagnosis.

Material & Method: Cases accessioned beyond regular working hours (5 pm-10 pm) were reported simultaneously using optical microscopy (OM) and WSI.

Genome-wide association mapping reveals genes underlying population-level metabolome diversity in a fungal crop pathogen.

Background: Fungi produce a wide range of specialized metabolites (SMs) involved in biotic interactions. Pathways for the production of SMs are often encoded in clusters of tightly arranged genes identified as biosynthetic gene clusters. Such gene clusters can undergo horizontal gene transfers between species and rapid evolutionary change within species.

Comparative study of intubating conditions and hemodynamic changes during awake fiber-optic intubation using midazolam with fentanyl versus dexmedetomidine in cases of difficult airway.

Background: The aim of the study is to compare intubating conditions and hemodynamic changes during awake fiber-optic intubation (AFOI) using midazolam and fentanyl versus dexmedetomidine in cases of difficult airway.

Materials And Methods: A randomized prospective study was conducted in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, with a total of 60 patients, 18-55 years of age, ASA class I-II, of either sex with anticipated difficult airway planned for elective surgery. They were divided into two groups; group I patients received 1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine and then an infusion of 0.

A neural network solves, explains, and generates university math problems by program synthesis and few-shot learning at human level.

We demonstrate that a neural network pretrained on text and fine-tuned on code solves mathematics course problems, explains solutions, and generates questions at a human level. We automatically synthesize programs using few-shot learning and OpenAI's Codex transformer and execute them to solve course problems at 81% automatic accuracy. We curate a dataset of questions from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)'s largest mathematics courses (Single Variable and Multivariable Calculus, Differential Equations, Introduction to Probability and Statistics, Linear Algebra, and Mathematics for Computer Science) and Columbia University's Computational Linear Algebra.

In Vitro Oxygen Glucose Deprivation Model of Ischemic Stroke: A Proteomics-Driven Systems Biological Perspective.

Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) of brain cells is the commonest in vitro model of ischemic stroke that is used extensively for basic and preclinical stroke research. Protein mass spectrometry is one of the most promising and rapidly evolving technologies in biomedical research. A systems-level understanding of cell-type-specific responses to oxygen and glucose deprivation without systemic influence is a prerequisite to delineate the response of the neurovascular unit following ischemic stroke.

Contemporary treatment of below-the-knee peripheral arterial disease in patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia: Observations from the Vascular Quality Initiative.

Objective: We sought to determine trends in percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) versus non-PTA interventions over time, as well as factors that influence the decision for non-PTA intervention.

Background: Although the optimal strategy for revascularization in patients with below-the-knee (BTK) chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) remains under investigation, PTA has been the preferred endovascular approach. Recently, there has been an increase in the use of non-PTA approaches for revascularization.

Recurrent ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a case report of a rare complication of caseous mitral annular calcification.

Background: Caseous mitral annular calcification (MAC) is an under-diagnosed division of calcific mitral valve disease that has recently been reported to have increased propensity for embolic disease. Early recognition of this entity as a cause of embolic disease can lead to prevention of occlusive vascular disease and long-standing complications.

Case Summary: We present the case of a patient with end-stage renal disease who presented for evaluation of chest pain and was found to have ST-segment myocardial infarction.

A survey on providing customer and public administration based services using AI: chatbot.

A chatbot is emerged as an effective tool to address the user queries in automated, most appropriate and accurate way. Depending upon the complexity of the subject domain, researchers are employing variety of soft-computing techniques to make the chatbot user-friendly. It is observed that chatbots have flooded the globe with wide range of services including ordering foods, suggesting products, advising for insurance policies, providing customer support, giving financial assistance, schedule meetings etc.

Prescribing of Statins After Lower Extremity Revascularization Procedures in the US.

Importance: The use of statins in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease remains suboptimal despite strong clinical practice guideline recommendations; however, it is unknown whether rates are associated with substantial improvements after lower extremity revascularization.

Objective: To report longitudinal trends of statin use in patients with peripheral artery disease undergoing lower extremity revascularization and to identify the clinical and procedural characteristics associated with prescriptions for new statin therapy at discharge.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using data from the Vascular Quality Initiative registry of patients who underwent lower extremity peripheral artery disease revascularization from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2019.

Impact of light on microalgal photosynthetic microbial fuel cells and removal of pollutants by nanoadsorbent biopolymers: Updates, challenges and innovations.

Photosynthetic microbial fuel cells (PMFCs) with microalgae have huge potential for treating wastewater while simultaneously converting light energy into electrical energy. The efficiency of such cells directly depends on algal growth, which depends on light intensity. Higher light intensity results in increased potential as well as enhancement in generation of biomass rich in biopolymers.

Population-level deep sequencing reveals the interplay of clonal and sexual reproduction in the fungal wheat pathogen .

Pathogens cause significant challenges to global food security. On annual crops, pathogens must re-infect from environmental sources in every growing season. Fungal pathogens have evolved mixed reproductive strategies to cope with the distinct challenges of colonizing growing plants.

A population-level invasion by transposable elements triggers genome expansion in a fungal pathogen.

Genome evolution is driven by the activity of transposable elements (TEs). The spread of TEs can have deleterious effects including the destabilization of genome integrity and expansions. However, the precise triggers of genome expansions remain poorly understood because genome size evolution is typically investigated only among deeply divergent lineages.

Soil composition and plant genotype determine benzoxazinoid-mediated plant-soil feedbacks in cereals.

Plant-soil feedbacks refer to effects on plants that are mediated by soil modifications caused by the previous plant generation. Maize conditions the surrounding soil by secretion of root exudates including benzoxazinoids (BXs), a class of bioactive secondary metabolites. Previous work found that a BX-conditioned soil microbiota enhances insect resistance while reducing biomass in the next generation of maize plants.