Tumor mutational burden as a marker for radiologic response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of tumor mutational burden (TMB) as a marker for radiologic response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy at a single tertiary cancer center.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, out of 1044 patients treated with ICIs between January 2010 and November 2018, 75 patients (38 males and 37 females) with a mean age of 62 (range 22-87) years, who had information about TMB and adequate imaging, were included. Imaging response was determined according to iRECIST criteria.

The productivity, participation, and recognition of women in academic radiology: Past, present, and future.

Despite women's early involvement in and contributions to the field of radiology, such as Marie Curie's work in radiation physics and chemistry, women have long remained lacking in their representation among radiologists, including in academics. While many other medical specialties have gradually become more proportionate or even equalized in their gender distribution, radiology continues to exist as a predominately male specialty. In this special topics issue, we aim to explore the landscape of female representation in academic radiology over time, not only in number, but in research productivity, recognition and accolades, and grant and funding reception.

Women in academic radiology: Barriers and benefits of representation, mentorship, coaching, and advocacy.

Gender diversity contributes to creativity and collective intelligence in the workplace. Women bring a unique perspective to the practice of medicine; however, there is a persistent underrepresentation of women in the field of radiology. Female radiologists face distinct challenges associated with underrepresentation and significant gender disparities.

Comparison of RECIST 1.1, mRECIST and PERCIST for assessment of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy treatment response in metastatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Purpose: To compare RECIST 1.1, modified RECIST (mRECIST) and PERCIST for assessment of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) treatment response in metastatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Materials: In this IRB-approved, HIPAA compliant retrospective study, patients treated with PRRT between July 2019 and Dec 2022 were identified.

From guidelines to radiology practice: navigating the 2023 ASCO guidelines for advanced gastroesophageal cancer and beyond.

The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) updated the guidelines for the treatment of advanced gastroesophageal (GE) cancer in 2023, signifying a major shift towards targeted therapeutics and precision medicine. This article serves as an imaging-based review of recent developments in the care of patients with GE cancer. We cover the epidemiology, the developing treatment paradigms, and the imaging assessment of GE malignancy.

Rewinding the Clock: Preparing the Next Generation of Radiology Residents for Oral Boards.

The replacement of the ABR in-person oral examination with the DR certifying examination affected approximately 15,000 radiologists, spanning from 2013 to 2027. This decision was motivated by better aligning with the timing of other American Board of Medical Specialty (ABMS) members, more closely reflecting real-world practice of radiology and narrowing training geared towards the trainee's subspecialty preference. However, in retrospect, this change may have subtracted from the quality and value of diagnostic radiology training as a whole with the de-emphasis on competence in general radiology, communication skills, and cognitive reasoning.

3.0-T MR-guided transgluteal in-bore-targeted prostate biopsy under local anesthesia in patients without rectal access: a single-institute experience and review of literature.

Purpose: To describe the technique and evaluate the performance of MRI-guided transgluteal in-bore-targeted biopsy of the prostate gland under local anesthesia in patients without rectal access.

Methods: Ten men (mean age, 69 (range 57-86) years) without rectal access underwent 13 MRI-guided transgluteal in-bore-targeted biopsy of the prostate gland under local anesthesia. All patients underwent mp-MRI at our institute prior to biopsy.

The Undermined ACGME Subcompetency: A Roadmap for Radiology Residency Programs to Foster Residents-as-Educators.

Radiology Residency programs in the United States use a set of six core competencies as laid out by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) to evaluate the foundational skills of every resident. Despite the fact that educational skills are included under the heading of Practice-Based Learning and Improvement in the ACGME guidelines for radiology residents, it is often underappreciated and undervalued, when compared with medical knowledge or patient care. In this paper, the authors lay out the important role of residents-as-educators and how it can be inculcated as part of formal training during residency.

Assessing appropriate responses to ACR urologic imaging scenarios using ChatGPT and Bard.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has recently become a trending tool and topic regarding productivity especially with publicly available free services such as ChatGPT and Bard. In this report, we investigate if two widely available chatbots chatGPT and Bard, are able to show consistent accurate responses for the best imaging modality for urologic clinical situations and if they are in line with American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria (AC). All clinical scenarios provided by the ACR were inputted into ChatGPT and Bard with result compared to the ACR AC and recorded.

Analysis of ChatGPT publications in radiology: Literature so far.

Objective: To perform a detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of the published literature on ChatGPT and radiology in the nine months since its public release, detailing the scope of the work in the short timeframe.

Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out of the MEDLINE, EMBASE databases through August 15, 2023 for articles that were focused on ChatGPT and imaging/radiology. Articles were classified into original research and reviews/perspectives.

Radiology Reading Room for the Future: Harnessing the Power of Large Language Models Like ChatGPT.

Radiology has usually been the field of medicine that has been at the forefront of technological advances, often being the first to wholeheartedly embrace them. Whether it's from digitization to cloud side architecture, radiology has led the way for adopting the latest advances. With the advent of large language models (LLMs), especially with the unprecedented explosion of freely available ChatGPT, time is ripe for radiology and radiologists to find novel ways to use the technology to improve their workflow.

Psychological Safety as a New ACGME Requirement: A Comprehensive All-in-One Guide to Radiology Residency Programs.

Rationale And Objectives: With the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education recently updating their common program requirements to include components of psychological safety as a core principle, radiology training programs and academic radiology institutions will need to evaluate psychological safety within their residency programs and implement practices to sustain a safety culture. This article reviews current literature to present a concise guide for radiology programs on best practices for implementing psychological safety, considering the plethora of literature that is available.

Materials And Methods: We searched PubMed for published studies evaluating safety culture in medical education and residency.

Outcomes of Antineoplastic Immunotherapy at a Large Healthcare Organization: Impact of Provider, Race and Socioeconomic Status.

Purpose: Disparities in cancer care delivery remain a pressing health-care crisis within the United States (US). The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and their management may be a disparity generator that impacts survival. This retrospective study assessed disparities in a cohort of patients with a variety of solid tumors treated with ICIs within a single health-care organization focusing on the impact of race, socioeconomic status (SES) and site of care delivery on survival and the development of severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs).

Myeloid Sarcoma: A Primer for Radiologists.

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary neoplasm that can present in association with acute myeloid leukemia, most commonly in children younger than 15 years. This unique extramedullary malignancy may involve a variety of different organ systems and can present following, preceding, simultaneous with, or in insolation to acute myeloid leukemia. Common areas of extramedullary involvement include soft tissues, bones, lymph nodes, and the peritoneum.

Emergency department imaging utilization of cancer patients treated with bevacizumab: single-institution 8-year experience.

Purpose: This study aims to highlight the presentations, imaging, and clinical outcomes of cancer patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) while receiving bevacizumab (Avastin) therapy.

Methods: Our retrospective study was based on data from a single institution to identify cancer patients who presented acutely to the ED between 2014 and 2021 within 3 months of beginning bevacizumab who subsequently received diagnostic imaging with CT, MRI, ultrasound, and/or nuclear medicine ventilation/perfusion (VQ) scans. Data gathered included presenting symptoms grouped by body system, imaging impressions, and clinical outcomes, including hospitalization and discontinuation of bevacizumab after each ED visit.

Development and Implementation of Integrated Radiologist-Speech Pathologist Report for Modified Barium Swallow Study: Experience at a Multi-hospital Single Health Care System.

Dysphagia, or a disorder of swallowing, is very common and is reported in 1 out of 25 adults with approximately 1 million new cases per year in the United States alone. This also disproportionately impacts elderly patients, with a prevalence of 17%. Patients with dysphagia may have severe clinical complications such as starvation, dehydration, and airway obstruction- which may further increase mortality.

Role of Radiologists in Contract Research Organizations (CROs).

Clinical trials play a vital role in advancing technology and novel therapies in the healthcare world. However, the increasing scale of trials and the complexity of the regulatory approval process is often a barrier for those interested in conducting research. Contract research organizations (CROs) aim to address this problem by offering their infrastructure and expertise to bring a therapy from conception to approval without the need for in-house staff.

Chest CT Findings in Patients with HIV Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Single Institute Experience.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze chest CT imaging findings and relevant clinical factors in patients with HIV presenting to the emergency department (ED).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was performed to identify patients with HIV who received chest CT imaging evaluation in the acute ED setting. Analyzed patients included adults with a known diagnosis of HIV who presented to the ED at a single tertiary care center between 2004 and 2020 and received chest CT imaging.

Evaluating the Downstream Revenues of a Self-Pay Bi-Parametric Prostate MRI Program.

Objective: To quantify downstream healthcare utilization and revenue associated with a self-pay bi-parametric prostate MRI (bpMRI) program.

Methods: Medical records of 592 patients who underwent bpMRI between August 2017 and March 2020 were examined for follow-up clinical activities. These include prostate biopsy, radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, androgen deprivation therapy, CT Chest, Abdomen and Pelvis, PET/CT, MRI Pelvis, and Nuclear Medicine Bone Scans.

A Decade of Success in Melanoma Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy: What Every Radiologist Should Know.

Treatment strategies for malignant melanoma have rapidly evolved over the past decade. Because of its propensity to develop advanced stage and metastatic disease, melanoma has contributed to the majority of mortalities among patients with skin cancer. The development of novel therapeutics such as immunotherapy and targeted molecular therapies has revolutionized the treatment of patients with advanced stage and metastatic malignant melanoma.

Enhancing the value of radiology reports: a primer for residents.

Purpose: The radiology report is the primary work product of the diagnostic radiologist. Its quality is a direct reflection of his or her knowledge, experience, and confidence. Certain factors hindering one's ability to deliver a diagnostically accurate and concise report are sometimes unavoidable (e.