The Leaky Preexposure Prophylaxis Cascade: Barriers and Facilitators to Preexposure Prophylaxis Uptake and Adherence Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness in the US South, a Mixed Methods Study.

Adherence to preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is lower among high-risk populations, including youth experiencing homelessness (YEH). This study determined the feasibility of urine PrEP adherence biomarker testing and examined the barriers and facilitators to PrEP uptake and adherence among YEH. YEH were recruited from a randomized control trial conducted in a large urban setting in southern United States.

Results of a Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial of CAYA: A Nurse Case Management HIV Prevention Intervention for Youth Experiencing Homelessness.

Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) face challenges that increase their susceptibility to HIV/STIs. Nurse case management is effective in managing the complex needs of populations experiencing homelessness and reducing HIV risk. A randomized wait-list control study conducted between September 2019 to May 2023 evaluated the CAYA "Come As You Are" intervention.

Protein Consumption and Risk of CVD Among U.S. Adults: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Background: Although some randomized trials have reported beneficial effects of protein intake on cardiometabolic risk factors, evidence from prospective studies have not supported a strong link between protein intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. It is also unclear whether diversity in protein intake plays a role in CVD risk.

Objective: We investigated prospective associations of (1) protein intake, overall and by food source and (2) diversity of protein sources with risk of CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke.

Dilatational-plasticity opens a new mechanistic pathway for macromolecular transport across glassy interfaces.

Interdiffusion-based macromolecular transport across glassy interfaces is reportedly achieved at high temperatures in accordance with the classical model of reptation. Here, for the first time, we report a new mechanistic pathway for achieving solid-state glassy joining by triggering rapid macromolecular acceleration through mechanical deformation. Large-scale molecular simulations reveal that active plastic deformation in glassy polymers, at temperatures well below the bulk (and surface) glass transition temperatures (and ), causes segmental translations of macromolecules leading to interfacial interpenetrations, and the formation of new entanglements.

COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake, Infection Rates, and Seropositivity Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness in the United States.

Background: People experiencing homelessness are at greater risk of exposure and poor health outcomes from COVID-19. However, little data exist on the prevalence and correlates of COVID-19 among homeless populations. To mitigate the spread and severity, uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine is needed.

Circulating Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia in Older Adults.

Background: Comprising nearly 35% of brain lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for optimal brain function. However, the role of PUFA on cognitive health outcomes later in life is largely unknown.

Objective: We investigated prospective associations of plasma phospholipid omega-3 (ALA [18 : 3], EPA [20 : 5], DPA [22 : 5], DHA [22 : 6]) and omega-6 (LA [18 : 2], AA [20 : 4]) PUFA with cognitive decline, risk of cognitive impairment and dementia among adults aged≥65 years in the Cardiovascular Health Study.

Associations Between the COVID-19 Pandemic and New Nurses' Transition to Practice Outcomes: A Multi-site, Longitudinal Study.

Background: The transition between nursing school and nursing practice has been well studied and recognized as a turbulent time for new nurses. Existing literature suggests that transition to practice (TTP) programs can successfully support new nurses through this challenging period. However, TTP program outcomes have not been studied related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which altered TTP experiences for many new nurses by limiting their access to clinical sites for hands-on patient care experience and shifting delivery of nursing education and TTP programs from in-person to virtual environments.

Validation of Self-Reported Attachment Classification Among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Parents of Young Children.

Background: The Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) was developed to measure individual differences in insecure adult attachment and was suitable for populations that may have minimal or no experience in romantic relationships. The measure was previously validated on homogenous populations.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to verify construct validity and internal consistency of the ASQ among an ethnically and racially diverse sample of caregivers of young children ages birth to 3 years.

Pressure Injury Link to Entropy of Abdominal Temperature.

This study examined the association between pressure injuries and complexity of abdominal temperature measured in residents of a nursing facility. The temperature served as a proxy measure for skin thermoregulation. Refined multiscale sample entropy and bubble entropy were used to measure the irregularity of the temperature time series measured over two days at 1-min intervals.

Efficacy of a Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention to Promote HIV Risk Reduction Behaviors Among Young Adults Experiencing Homelessness: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: People experiencing homelessness have higher rates of HIV than those who are stably housed. Mental health needs, substance use problems, and issues unique to homelessness such as lack of shelter and transiency need to be considered with regard to HIV prevention. To date, HIV prevention interventions for young adults experiencing homelessness have not specifically addressed modifiable real-time factors such as stress, sexual or drug use urge, or substance use, or been delivered at the time of heightened risk.

Trends in health-related quality of life of female breast cancer survivors using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), 2008-2016.

Purpose: In recent years, breast cancer detection and treatment have advanced. As a result, increased attention to breast cancer survivorship should have improved their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Our aim was to examine the trends in the HRQoL of female breast cancer survivors between 2008 and 2016, to determine whether or not the increased focus on survivorship has translated into improved HRQoL.

Predicting Daily Sheltering Arrangements among Youth Experiencing Homelessness Using Diary Measurements Collected by Ecological Momentary Assessment.

Youths experiencing homelessness (YEH) often cycle between various sheltering locations including spending nights on the streets, in shelters and with others. Few studies have explored the patterns of daily sheltering over time. A total of 66 participants completed 724 ecological momentary assessments that assessed daily sleeping arrangements.

Animal-Assisted Activity in Critically Ill Older Adults: A Randomized Pilot and Feasibility Trial.

Background: Limited evidence suggests the efficacy of animal-assisted activities (AAA) in improving biobehavioral stress responses in older patients in intensive care units (ICUs).

Objectives: To assess the feasibility of an AAA (dog) intervention for improving biobehavioral stress response, measured by self-reported stress and anxiety and salivary cortisol, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-1β in older ICU patients, we examined enrollment, attrition, completion, data collection, and biobehavioral stress responses.

Methods: ICU patients ≥60 years old were randomly assigned to a 10-min AAA intervention or control/usual ICU care.

Sex, race, ADHD, and prior concussions as predictors of concussion recovery in adolescents.

Objective: Concussions in adolescents are a growing public health concern as the popularity of high school sports increases. The aim of this study was to identify clinical (e.g.

Correction: Predicting Sexual Behaviors Among Homeless Young Adults: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.9020.

A Behavioral Lifestyle Intervention Enhanced With Multiple-Behavior Self-Monitoring Using Mobile and Connected Tools for Underserved Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes and Comorbid Overweight or Obesity: Pilot Comparative Effectiveness Trial.

Background: Self-monitoring is a cornerstone of behavioral lifestyle interventions for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mobile technology has the potential to improve adherence to self-monitoring and patient outcomes. However, no study has tested the use of a smartphone to facilitate self-monitoring in overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus living in the underserved community.

Predicting Sexual Behaviors Among Homeless Young Adults: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.

Background: Homeless youth continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV compared with their housed peers, with prevalence rates as high as 13%. Yet, HIV prevention in this high-risk population has been only marginally effective.

Objective: The aim of this study was to use ecological momentary assessments to examine real-time factors to determine the predictors of sexual activity among homeless youth.

Drug use patterns and predictors among homeless youth: Results of an ecological momentary assessment.

Background: Alcohol and drug use is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and is highly prevalent among homeless youth. Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA) have been used to examine the effect of urges on drug use, though not among homeless youth.

Objectives: We assessed the patterns of drug use and the correlation between real-time contextual factors and drug use using EMA collected daily.

Pressure ulcer risk detection from complexity of activity.

Activity levels in nursing home residents were measured with accelerometers over one week as part of a multicenter randomized controlled trial, and complexity of the resulting activity patterns were characterized. Among 813 study participants on whom activity data had been collected, 16 participants developed pressure ulcers by the end of the study. The fractal dimension D of the activity series was lower (p=0.

Clinical and demographic predictors of concussion resolution in adolescents: A retrospective study.

Concussions in adolescents are a growing public health concern. The aim of this study was to identify clinical (e.g.

Effects of Animal-assisted Activities on Biobehavioral Stress Responses in Hospitalized Children: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Purpose: This study assessed the effectiveness of animal-assisted activities (AAA) on biobehavioral stress responses (anxiety, positive and negative affect, and salivary cortisol and C-reactive protein [CRP] levels) in hospitalized children.

Design And Methods: This was a randomized, controlled study.

Method: Forty-eight participants were randomly assigned to receive a 10-minute AAA (n=24) or a control condition (n=24).

Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation for the Management of Depression, Anxiety, Sleep Disturbance, and Pain in Patients With Advanced Cancer: A Preliminary Study.

Context: Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is a safe modulation of brain activity for treating depression, anxiety, insomnia, and pain. However, there are no published studies in patients with advanced cancer (ACPs).

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a four-week CES intervention on depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and pain scores.

Two-year prognosis after acute coronary syndrome in younger patients: Association with feeling depressed in the prior year, and BDI-II score and Endothelin-1.

Objective: To examine the effects of depressive symptoms and Endothelin (ET)-1 on 2-year prognosis in younger patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Depression is associated with poor post-ACS prognosis; however, few investigations have focused on younger patients. Importantly, the studies that did emphasize younger patients suggested that the influence of depression on prognosis could be more robust in younger subgroups.

Effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy on Heart Rate Variability in Young Females with Constipation-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Parallel-group Trial.

Background/aims: The relation between heart rate variability (HRV) as non-invasive biomarkers of autonomic function and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) as non-pharmacological treatments has rarely been examined in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of an 8-week CBT intervention on HRV and IBS symptoms, and the correlation of changes in HRV with changes in IBS symptoms among young female nursing students with IBS-C.

Methods: This study consisted of an exploratory subgroup analysis of 43 participants with IBS-C who had been randomly assigned to receive either 8 weeks of CBT (n = 23) or general medical information (control, n = 20).