Prevalence and Association of Risk Factors According to Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis Stages among Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India: A Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are linked to the global diabetes epidemic, leading to increased disease progression and adverse health outcomes. The renaming of NAFLD to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) at the 2023 European Association for the Study of the Liver Congress highlights the complex relationship between metabolic disorders and liver health. Taking this into consideration, we aimed this study to identify prevalence and risk factors associated with the stages of NAFLD in individuals with T2DM in the Indian population.

Atypical Multiple Myeloma Case: Atypical Clinical Presentation, in Female and at Young Age.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is ranked as the 14th most prevalent cancer, making up 1.8% of all cancers and 10% of blood cancers, rarely seen below 35 years. MM presented aggressively in the young age group, including greater incidences of extramedullary plasmacytomas, plasma cell leukemia (11%), osteolytic lesions, kidney failure (25%), and Bence Jones proteinuria (81%).

Study of the Efficacy of Uptitrating Teneligliptin Dose from Standard Dose (20 mg) to High Dose (40 mg) in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Aim: To study the efficacy of uptitrating the dose of Teneligliptin from 20 to 40 mg in patients with type II diabetes mellitus.

Method: A retrospective, comparative analysis was undertaken in 853 type II diabetes mellitus patients (499 males and 354 females) who had follow-up records for more than 6 months. These patients were uncontrolled after use of atleast three oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) and Teneligliptin 20 mg was added as the fourth drug.

Efficacy of DPP4i as the Fourth Drug in the Management of Type2 Diabetes Mellitus in Asian Indians Poorly Controlled by Use of at least 3 Oral Antidiabetic Drugs.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) as the fourth drug in Asian Indian type2 DM patients uncontrolled inspite of using at least 3 oral anti diabetic drugs.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 7858 T2DM patients, who received a DPP-4i (Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin, Teneligliptin, Linagliptin and Saxagliptin) as the fourth drug to achieve glycemic control was undertaken. Patients with inadequate glycaemic control despite receiving optimum doses of at least any other three OADs were included in this analysis.

Efficacy of SGLT2 Inhibitors as the Fifth Drug in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Asian Indians not Controlled with at least 4 Oral Antidiabetic Drugs.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors as an add-on therapy along with stricter lifestyle modification in Asian Indian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with inadequate glycemic control despite receiving an optimum dose of at least 4 oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).

Methodology: A retrospective analysis of data of 808 T2DM patients being treated with an SGLT2 inhibitor (Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin or Canagliflozin) as an add-on drug in patients with inadequate glycemic control despite receiving optimum doses of at least any four OADs(metformin, sulphonylureas, pioglitazone, DPP4 Inhibitors, alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors) and who preferred not to initiate insulin.

Results: The average age of the patients included was 51.