Immediate Breast Reconstruction for Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma: A Scoping Review.

Inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer involving skin lymphatics. Breast reconstruction traditionally has been delayed in IBC. Immediate reconstruction has been described in select patients.

Technical Feasibility of Whole-eye Vascular Composite Allotransplantation: A Systematic Review.

Unlabelled: There are over 43 million individuals in the world who are blind. As retinal ganglion cells are incapable of regeneration, treatment modalities for this condition are limited. Since first incepted in 1885, whole-eye transplantation (WET) has been proposed as the ultimate cure for blindness.

Dietary choline intake is necessary to prevent systems-wide organ pathology and reduce Alzheimer's disease hallmarks.

There is an urgent need to identify modifiable environmental risk factors that reduce the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The B-like vitamin choline plays key roles in body- and brain-related functions. Choline produced endogenously by the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase protein in the liver is not sufficient for adequate physiological functions, necessitating daily dietary intake.

Identification of retinoblastoma binding protein 7 (Rbbp7) as a mediator against tau acetylation and subsequent neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies.

Evidence indicates that tau hyper-phosphorylation and subsequent neurofibrillary tangle formation contribute to the extensive neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Recent work has identified that increased tau acetylation can promote tau phosphorylation. Tau acetylation occurs at lysine 280 resulting from increased expression of the lysine acetyltransferase p300.

Maternal choline supplementation ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology by reducing brain homocysteine levels across multiple generations.

The lack of effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is alarming, considering the number of people currently affected by this disorder and the projected increase over the next few decades. Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels double the risk of developing AD. Choline, a primary dietary source of methyl groups, converts Hcy to methionine and reduces age-dependent cognitive decline.

Central insulin dysregulation and energy dyshomeostasis in two mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. While the causes of AD are not known, several risk factors have been identified. Among these, type two diabetes (T2D), a chronic metabolic disease, is one of the most prevalent risk factors for AD.

Meningitis with polymerase chain reaction for varicella zoster positivity in cerebrospinal flid of a young immunocompetent adult.

Meningitis caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV) is quite rare among young immunocompetent adults though immunocompromised patients are often seen to be affected by reactivation of VZV presenting with primary clinical features of dermatomal rashes and neurological sequelae. Here, we report the clinical scenario of a young, healthy male who had presented with fever, headache, and onset of dermatomal rashes later than the fever and was eventually diagnosed to be a case of VZV meningitis. We would like to highlight the fact that even young immunocompetent patients though rarely, might contract VZV meningitis and clinicians should have a high index of suspicion and keen eyes to catch the more obvious features of VZV infection on complete physical examination and must not harbor any reservations in ordering polymerase chain reaction for VZV DNA or initiating aggressive antiviral therapy.

A rare debilitating neurological adverse effect of ranolazine due to drug interaction with clarithromycin.

Medication errors may occur at any point during patient care in the health care system. Drug interaction in known with macrolide antibiotics and ranolazine and is primarily related to effects on the cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) metabolic pathway. This case highlights medication errors that resulted in rare debilitating neurological adverse effects of ranolazine in an elderly due to drug interaction with clarithromycin.

Hyperkalemic paralysis in primary adrenal insufficiency.

Hyperkalemic paralysis due to Addison's disease is rare, and potentially life-threatening entity presenting with flaccid motor weakness. This case under discussion highlights Hyperkalemic paralysis as initial symptomatic manifestation of primary adrenal insufficiency.

Fulminant guillain-barré syndrome with myocarditis.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) represents a diverse spectrum of diseases, with variable pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestation, presentation pattern, and degree of severity. We report a rare case of fatal fulminant GBS complicated with myocarditis during the course of illness.

Acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis following a seizure.

Acute renal failure, oliguric or nonoliguric, is the most common complication of rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis should be suspected in patients presenting with states of increased muscular activity, such as seizures, agitation, strenuous muscle exercise, or dystonia. We report an adult who developed acute renal failure associated with rhabdomyolysis following a seizure.

Multi-organ Dysfunction Syndrome with Dual Organophosphate Pesticides Poisoning.

Organophosphate (OP) pesticide self-poisoning is common in developing countries. Poisoning with dual OP compounds is rare. Multi-organ dysfunction after OP poisoning has a high mortality rate.

Neem oil poisoning: Case report of an adult with toxic encephalopathy.

Neem oil has widespread use in Indian subcontinent due to its many bioactive properties. Azadirachtin, an active ingredient, is implicated in causing the effects seen in neem oil poisoning. Neem oil poisoning is rare in adults.

Fatal anaphylactic reaction to iron sucrose in pregnancy.

Iron-deficiency anemia in pregnancy can have serious deleterious effects for both mother and fetus. Parenteral iron therapy in iron-deficiency anemia is recommended in patients where oral iron therapy is ineffective due to malabsorption states and non-compliance. Compared to oral iron therapy, intravenous iron results in much more rapid resolution of iron-deficiency anemia with minimal adverse reactions.

Norfloxacin-induced hypoglycemia and urticaria.

Fluoroquinolone-induced hypoglycemia is not a common adverse drug reaction. However, it has been reported with most of the available agents and appears to be more common in elderly patients with a history of type 2 diabetes who are receiving oral sulfonylureas. The exact mechanism of this effect is unknown but is postulated to be a result of blockage of Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic β-cell membranes.