or Synthesis for Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide-An Evaluation of CoSnO/RGO Nanohybrids.

Nowadays, there is no doubt about the high electrocatalytic efficiency that is obtained when using hybrid materials between carbonaceous nanomaterials and transition metal oxides. However, the method to prepare them may involve differences in the observed analytical responses, making it necessary to evaluate them for each new material. The goal of this work was to obtain for the first time CoSnO (CSO)/RGO nanohybrids via and methods and to evaluate their performance in the amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide.

Unchartered waters: the unintended impacts of residual chlorine on water quality and biofilms.

Disinfection residuals in drinking water protect water quality and public heath by limiting planktonic microbial regrowth during distribution. However, we do not consider the consequences and selective pressures of such residuals on the ubiquitous biofilms that persist on the vast internal surface area of drinking water distribution systems. Using a full scale experimental facility, integrated analyses were applied to determine the physical, chemical and biological impacts of different free chlorine regimes on biofilm characteristics (composition, structure and microbiome) and water quality.

A High-Performance Primary Nanosheet Heterojunction Cathode Composed of Na MnO Tunnels and Layered Na Mn O for Na-Ion Batteries.

Owing to its large capacity and high average potential, the structure and reversible O-redox compensation mechanism of Na Mn O have recently been analyzed. However, capacity fade and low coulombic efficiency over multiple cycles have also been found to be a problem, which result from oxygen evolution at high charge voltages. Herein, a Na MnO ⋅Na Mn O heterojunction of primary nanosheets was prepared by a sol-gel-assisted high-temperature sintering method.

CoTiO/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrids for Electrochemical Sensing Applications.

For the first time, the synthesis, characterization, and analytical application for hydrogen peroxide quantification of the hybrid materials of CoTiO (CTO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is reported, using in situ (CTO/RGO) and ex situ (CTO+RGO) preparations. This synthesis for obtaining nanostructured CTO is based on a one-step hydrothermal synthesis, with new precursors and low temperatures. The morphology, structure, and composition of the synthesized materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), neutron powder diffraction (NPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Evaluating lithium diffusion mechanisms in the complex spinel LiNiGeO.

Lithium-ion diffusion mechanisms in the complex spinel Li2NiGe3O8 have been investigated using solid-state NMR, impedance, and muon spectroscopies. Partial occupancy of migratory interstitial 12d sites is shown to occur at lower temperatures than previously reported. Bulk activation energies for Li+ ion hopping range from 0.

Mechanism of Hydrogen-Bonded Complex Formation between Ibuprofen and Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite.

Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nanoHA) is the main hard component of bone and has the potential to be used to promote osseointegration of implants and to treat bone defects. Here, using active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) such as ibuprofen, we report on the prospects of combining nanoHA with biologically active compounds to improve the clinical performance of these treatments. In this study, we designed and investigated the possibility of API attachment to the surface of nanoHA crystals via the formation of a hydrogen-bonded complex.

Spinel-rock salt transformation in LiCoMnO.

The transformation on heating LiCoMnO, with a spinel structure, to LiCoMnO, with a cation-disordered rock salt structure, accompanied by loss of 25% of the oxygen, has been followed using a combination of diffraction, microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. The transformation does not proceed by a topotactic mechanism, even though the spinel and rock salt phases have a similar, cubic close-packed oxygen sublattice. Instead, the transformation passes through two stages involving, first, precipitation of LiMnO, leaving behind a Li-deficient, Co-rich non-stoichiometric spinel and, second, rehomogenization of the two-phase assemblage, accompanied by additional oxygen loss, to give the homogeneous rock salt final product; a combination of electron energy loss spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure analyses showed oxidation states of Co and Mn in LiCoMnO.

Synthesis and characterisation of Li11RE18M4O39-δ: RE = Nd or Sm; M = Al, Co or Fe.

Four new phases of general formula, Li11RE18M4O39-δ: REM = NdAl, NdCo, SmCo, SmFe, have been synthesised and characterised. The NdAl phase, and probably the others, is isostructural with the NdFe analogue, but some cation disorder and partial site occupancies prevent full structural refinement of powder neutron diffraction data. The NdCo phase also forms a solid solution with variable Li content (and charge compensation by either oxygen vacancies or variable transition metal oxidation state).

Synthesis and characterization of Li11Nd18Fe4O(39-δ).

Li(11)Nd(18)Fe(4)O(39-δ) has been synthesized by the solid-state reaction of pellets, covered with powder of the same composition to avoid lithium loss, with a final reaction temperature of 950 °C. This phase has been reported previously to have various stoichiometries: Li(5)Nd(4)FeO(10), Li(8)Nd(18)Fe(5)O(39), and Li(1.746)Nd(4.