There is great interest in the development of new multifunctional fluorescent-magnetic nanomaterials for use as multimodal diagnostic imaging probes and site-specific drug delivery tools. Metal nanoclusters (NCs) have been reported to possess either fluorescent or magnetic properties, but not both. In this paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of multifunctional fluorescent-magnetic Pt NCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe use three-dimensional culture systems of human pluripotent stem cells for differentiation into pituitary organoids. Three-dimensional culture is inherently characterized by its ability to induce heterogeneous cell populations, making it difficult to maintain constant differentiation efficiency. That is why the culture process involves empirical aspects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study sought to develop a deep learning-based diagnostic algorithm for plaque vulnerability by analyzing intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and to investigate the relation between AI-plaque vulnerability and clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 1791 study patients who underwent OCT examinations were recruited from a multicenter clinical database, and the OCT images were first labeled as either normal, a stable plaque, or a vulnerable plaque by expert cardiologists. A DenseNet-121-based deep learning algorithm for plaque characterization was developed by training with 44,947 prelabeled OCT images, and demonstrated excellent differentiation among normal, stable plaques, and vulnerable plaques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMonitoring cell-state transition in pluripotent cells is invaluable for application and basic research. In this study, we demonstrate the pertinence of noninvasive, label-free Raman spectroscopy to monitor and characterize the cell-state transition of mouse stem cells undergoing reprogramming. Using an isogenic cell line of mouse stem cells, reprogramming from neuronal cells was performed, and we showcase a comparative analysis of living single-cell spectral data of the original stem cells, their neuronal progenitors, and reprogrammed cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To compare diagnostic performance for pulmonary invasive adenocarcinoma among radiologists with and without three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN).
Methods: Enrolled were 285 patients with adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS, n = 75), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA, n = 58), and invasive adenocarcinoma (IVA, n = 152). A 3D-CNN model was constructed with seven convolution-pooling and two max-pooling layers and fully connected layers, in which batch normalization, residual connection, and global average pooling were used.
Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is associated with more frequent cancer recurrence and metastasis. Sensitive sensing of HER2 in living breast cancer cells is crucial in the early stages of cancer and to further understand its role in cells. Biomedical imaging has become an indispensable tool in the fields of early cancer diagnosis and therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) rigid endoscope was developed to visualize peripheral nerves without labeling for nerve-sparing endoscopic surgery. The developed CARS endoscope had a problem with low imaging speed, i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSemantic segmentation with deep learning to extract nerves from label-free endoscopic images obtained using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) for nerve-sparing surgery is described. We developed a CARS rigid endoscope in order to identify the exact location of peripheral nerves in surgery. Myelinated nerves are visualized with a CARS lipid signal in a label-free manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt is known that single or isolated tumor cells enter cancer patients' circulatory systems. These circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are thought to be an effective tool for diagnosing cancer malignancy. However, handling CTC samples and evaluating CTC sequence analysis results are challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeep-UV (DUV) excitation fluorescence microscopy has potential to provide rapid diagnosis with simple technique comparing to conventional histopathology based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. We established a fluorescent staining protocol for DUV excitation fluorescence imaging that has enabled clear discrimination of nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and cytoplasm. Fluorescence images of metastasis-positive/-negative lymph nodes of gastric cancer patients were used for patch-based training with a deep neural network (DNN) based on Inception-v3 architecture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRare-earth-doped nanoparticles are one of the emerging probes for bioimaging due to their visible-to-near-infrared (NIR) upconversion emission via sequential single-photon absorption at NIR wavelengths. The NIR-excited upconversion property and high photostability make this probe appealing for deep tissue imaging. So far, upconversion nanoparticles include ytterbium ions (Yb3 + ) codoped with other rare earth ions, such as erbium (Er3 + ) and thulium (Tm3 + ).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo compare results for radiological prediction of pathological invasiveness in lung adenocarcinoma between radiologists and a deep learning (DL) system.Ninety patients (50 men, 40 women; mean age, 66 years; range, 40-88 years) who underwent pre-operative chest computed tomography (CT) with 0.625-mm slice thickness were included in this retrospective study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeep learning is a subset of the medical application of artificial intelligence. Its significant results are garnering attention, particularly in radiographic image interpretation, pathological diagnosis, gene analysis, and prediction of cancer recurrence. In this study, we summarize the concept of deep learning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Opt Express
February 2018
Label-free visualization of nerves and nervous plexuses will improve the preservation of neurological functions in nerve-sparing robot-assisted surgery. We have developed a coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) rigid endoscope to distinguish nerves from other tissues during surgery. The developed endoscope, which has a tube with a diameter of 12 mm and a length of 270 mm, achieved 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlleles of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A DNAs are classified and expressed graphically by using artificial intelligence "Deep Learning (Stacked autoencoder)". Nucleotide sequence data corresponding to the length of 822 bp, collected from the Immuno Polymorphism Database, were compressed to 2-dimensional representation and were plotted. Profiles of the two-dimensional plots indicate that the alleles can be classified as clusters are formed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the field of regenerative medicine, tremendous numbers of cells are necessary for tissue/organ regeneration. Today automatic cell-culturing system has been developed. The next step is constructing a non-invasive method to monitor the conditions of cells automatically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAbnormal DNA methylation in CpG-rich promoters is recognized as a distinct molecular feature of precursor lesions to cancer. Such unintended methylation can occur during in vitro differentiation of stem cells. It takes place in a subset of genes during the differentiation or expansion of stem cell derivatives under general culture conditions, which may need to be monitored in future cell transplantation studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper presents a new correlative bioimaging technique using Y2O3:Tm, Yb and Y2O3:Er, Yb nanophosphors (NPs) as imaging probes that emit luminescence excited by both near-infrared (NIR) light and an electron beam. Under 980 nm NIR light irradiation, the Y2O3:Tm, Yb and Y2O3:Er, Yb NPs emitted NIR luminescence (NIRL) around 810 nm and 1530 nm, respectively, and cathodoluminescence at 455 nm and 660 nm under excitation of accelerated electrons, respectively. Multimodalities of the NPs were confirmed in correlative NIRL/CL imaging and their locations were visualized at the same observation area in both NIRL and CL images.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComprehensive imaging of a biological individual can be achieved by utilizing the variation in spatial resolution, the scale of cathodoluminescence (CL), and near-infrared (NIR), as favored by imaging probe Gd₂O₃ co-doped lanthanide nanophosphors (NPPs). A series of Gd₂O₃:Ln/Yb (Ln: Tm, Ho, Er) NPPs with multispectral emission are prepared by the sol-gel method. The NPPs show a wide range of emissions spanning from the visible to the NIR region under 980 nm excitation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe describe rare-earth-doped nanophosphors (RE-NPs) for biological imaging using cathodoluminescence(CL) microscopy based on scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). We report the first demonstration of multicolor CL nanobioimaging using STEM with nanophosphors. The CL spectra of the synthesized nanophosphors (Y2O3∶Eu, Y2O3∶Tb) were sufficiently narrow to be distinguished.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCorrelative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is one attractive method of observing biological specimens because it combines the advantages of both light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). In LM, specimens are fully hydrated, and molecular species are distinguished based on the fluorescence colors of probes. EM provides both high-spatial-resolution images superior to those obtained with LM and ultrastructural information of cellular components.
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