Large fusiform aneurysm of the superior vena cava: CT findings.

A 62-year-old man presented complaining of atrial fibrillation. Plain chest radiography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a large fusiform aneurysmal dilatation of the upper segment of the superior vena cava (SVC) without evidence of rupture, thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism. It was decided to treat the patient conservatively with follow-up imaging recommended.

Left atrial strain by cardiac MRI feature tracking in mitral stenosis before and after balloon valvuloplasty.

The aim was to investigate LA strain by feature tracking cardiac MRI in mitral stenosis (MS) patients before and after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV). Patients underwent cardiac MRI before and after successful PBMV (n = 18). Mitral valve area, transmitral velocity and gradients, LA volumes and ejection fraction (LAEF) were measured.

Global and regional cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking left ventricular strain analysis in assessing early myocardial disease in β thalassemia major patients.

Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is the modality of choice for quantification of myocardial iron overload in β-thalassemia major patients using the T2* sequence. CMR feature tracking (FT) is a recent magnetic resonance imaging tool that gives an idea about myocardial fibers deformation; thus, it can detect early impairment in myocardial function even before the reduction in ejection fraction.

Methods: This study aims to assess the ability of left ventricular CMR-FT in the early detection of systolic dysfunction in β thalassemia major patients and to correlate it with the degree of myocardial iron overload measured by CMR T2*.

Pulmonary, aorta, and coronary arteries post-arterial switch in transposition of great arteries: intermediate-term surveillance utilizing conventional echocardiography and cardiac multislice computed tomography.

Background: Arterial switch operation (ASO) is the standard surgical choice for D-transposition of great arteries (D-TGA). However, the implications of ASO on pulmonaries, coronaries, and aorta have not been adequately investigated. The current study evaluates arterial morphologic changes post-ASO at intermediate-term surveillance.

Multimodality imaging for comprehensive non-invasive diagnosis of aorto-left ventricular tunnel in infancy.

Background: Aorto-left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) is a paravalvular communication between aorta and left ventricle. It is one of the rare congenital heart diseases which could present with heart failure.

Case Presentation: A case of ALVT was diagnosed in infancy.

Impact of Imaging Biomarkers and AI on Breast Cancer Management: A Brief Review.

Breast cancer stands out as the most frequently identified malignancy, ranking as the fifth leading cause of global cancer-related deaths. The American College of Radiology (ACR) introduced the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) as a standard terminology facilitating communication between radiologists and clinicians; however, an update is now imperative to encompass the latest imaging modalities developed subsequent to the 5th edition of BI-RADS. Within this review article, we provide a concise history of BI-RADS, delve into advanced mammography techniques, ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), PET/CT images, and microwave breast imaging, and subsequently furnish comprehensive, updated insights into Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI), diagnostic imaging biomarkers, and the assessment of treatment responses.

Diffusion-tensor MR imaging of optic pathway in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Purpose: To investigate the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of optic pathway in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Patients And Methods: This study included 41 IIH patients and 22 controls. They underwent DTI of the optic nerve (ON) and optic radiation (OR).

Right Ventricular Strain Analysis By Tissue Tracking Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Pediatric Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease.

Purpose: To investigate right ventricular (RV) volume and mass by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and the added value of tissue tracking strain analysis as markers of RV dysfunction in pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and preserved RV ejection fraction.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five children with ESRD and preserved RVEF (>50%) and 10 healthy control children were enrolled. Tissue tracking CMR was used to assess Global Longitudinal, circumferential (GCS), and radial short and long axes (GRS SAX and GRS LAX) RV strains in the patients group compared with controls.

Whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging with background body signal suppression and quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient in the detection, staging, and grading of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Purpose: Assess reproducibility of detection, staging, and grading of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) using whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging with background body signal suppression (WB-DWIBS).

Material And Methods: Thirty NHL patients underwent WB-DWIBS, divided into 2 groups according to staging and grading. Image analysis and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement of the largest lymph node in each group were performed by 2 observers.

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of congenital thoracic systemic venous anomalies.

We present the imaging findings of thoracic systemic venous anomalies diagnosed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Persistent left superior vena cava is the commonest anomaly of the thoracic systemic veins encountered either incidentally as an isolated finding or associated with congenital heart disease. Inferior vena cava (IVC) interruption with azygos continuation is the second most common anomaly, which may also be isolated or be associated with left isomerism syndrome.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiography of chylous leak before surgical ligation of the thoracic duct: case report.

We herein report a case of a 22-year-old male patient with an unusual presentation of recurrent chylous pericardial and pleural effusions. Lymphatic leak was suspected. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiography (DC-MRL) was performed after ultrasound-guided intranodal injection of contrast through inguinal lymph nodes.

State of the Art: Lung Cancer Staging Using Updated Imaging Modalities.

Lung cancer is among the most common mortality causes worldwide. This scientific article is a comprehensive review of current knowledge regarding screening, subtyping, imaging, staging, and management of treatment response for lung cancer. The traditional imaging modality for screening and initial lung cancer diagnosis is computed tomography (CT).

The Role of Medical Image Modalities and AI in the Early Detection, Diagnosis and Grading of Retinal Diseases: A Survey.

Traditional dilated ophthalmoscopy can reveal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), retinal tear, epiretinal membrane, macular hole, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and retinal artery occlusion (RAO). Among these diseases, AMD and DR are the major causes of progressive vision loss, while the latter is recognized as a world-wide epidemic. Advances in retinal imaging have improved the diagnosis and management of DR and AMD.

Impaired aortic strain and distensibility by cardiac MRI in children with chronic kidney disease.

Renal disease is associated with increased arterial stiffness. The aim was to investigate the effect of renal disease on regional aortic strain and distensibility in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The study included 30 children with CKD on hemodialysis, and ten healthy control subjects.

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Behçet's disease.

Background: Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic vasculitis that may affect the heart. However, the incidence and nature of cardiac involvement in BD have not been clearly documented yet. The aim of this study was to delineate the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of cardiac involvement in BD patients.

Understanding the Aorta-Spine Relation in Idiopathic Scoliosis: Value of Noncontrast CT-Derived Curved Coronal Reformats and 3D Volume Images.

Background: Investigating axial position and longitudinal bending of the aorta in relation to spine curvature in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients could help surgeons in planning of spine surgeries.

Methods: Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scans of 27 consecutive patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (19 right and 8 left curves) and 16 control subjects were retrospectively reviewed. Using semiautomated software, centerline was drawn along the descending aorta, and curved reformat was generated.

Combined accuracy of optic nerve sheath diameter, strain ratio, and shear wave elastography of the optic nerve in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Purpose: This study assessed the combined accuracy of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), strain ratio (SR), and shear wave elastography (SWE) of the optic nerve (ON) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Methods: This prospective study was carried out on both ONs of 34 consecutive patients diagnosed with IIH and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. All of the study participants were women.

Effect of changes in optic nerve elasticity on central retinal artery blood flow in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Purpose: To assess changes in central retinal artery (CRA) blood flow by orbital color-coded Doppler ultrasonography in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and their relation with optic nerve (ON) elasticity assessed by shear wave elastography (SWE).

Methods: This study was carried out on 68 eyes of patients diagnosed with IIH and 32 eyes of healthy controls. The severity of papilledema in IIH patients was sub-classified into mild and moderate/severe groups.

Left Ventricular Strain Analysis by Tissue Tracking- Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for early detection of Cardiac Dysfunction in children with End-Stage Renal Disease.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) represents late left ventricle (LV) dysfunction. Cardiac MRI myocardial strain analysis is an alternative method for assessment of LV function.

Epicardial and Perihepatic Fat as Cardiometabolic Risk Predictors in Girls with Turner Syndrome: A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study.

Objective: Turner syndrome (TS) patients are at high risk of cardiometabolic disorders. Cardiometabolic risk factors are more commonly related to visceral rather than total body adiposity. Adipocytokines have been explored as a potential link between obesity and obesity-related cardiometabolic dysfunction.

Mimickers of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on chest CT: spectrum of CT and clinical features.

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a recently emerged pulmonary infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). It started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and led to a highly contagious disease. Since then COVID-19 continues to spread, causing exponential morbidity and mortality and threatening economies worldwide.

Double left brachiocephalic veins with vascular ring and normal intracardiac anatomy: Prenatal diagnosis of a rare association.

One of the extremely rare systemic venous anomalies is double left brachiocephalic veins (LBVs). In the current work, a rare association of double LBVs with a vascular ring and normal intracardiac anatomy is described in fetal life with postnatal confirmation using echocardiography and computed tomography. The prenatal diagnosis of such an infrequent lesion is feasible using fetal echocardiography.

Role of susceptibility-weighted imaging in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Materials And Methods: A prospective study was done on 55 patients with IIH who underwent SWI of the brain. The images were evaluated by two independent readers for cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and the interobserver agreement between both readers was calculated.