Ethical Use of Cadaveric Images in Anatomical Textbooks, Atlases, and Journals: A Consensus Response From Authors and Editors.

Nowadays, consent to use donor bodies for medical education and research is obtained from the body donors and their families before the donation. Recently, the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) published guidelines that could restrict the appearance of cadaveric images in commercial anatomical resources such as textbooks and other educational products. These guidelines state that the donor must expressly consent to using such images for this purpose.

Posteromedial Compartment Arthroscopy of the Knee and Resection of Osteophytes: An Anatomic Perspective on Posteromedial Knee Impingement.

Posteromedial knee pain is a common clinical problem. It is often accompanied by degenerative changes or tears in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus and/or pain during deep flexion of the knee. In more advanced cases, it is accompanied by the osteophytic formation of a cam lesion that develops gradually in the posterior of the medial condyle of the femur and, with it (or less frequently without it), an osteophytic lesion at the posterior of the tibia (i.

Cutaneous perforators of the arm and anatomical landmarks for defining the flap donor sites.

Purpose: There are few studies searching for possible perforator flap donor sites on the arm. This study aimed to identify the locations of cutaneous perforators of the arm according to anatomical landmarks.

Methods: Thirteen Thiel-fixed and latex-filled upper extremities of bodies donated to science were used.

Acknowledging the use of human cadaveric tissues in research papers: Recommendations from anatomical journal editors.

Research within the anatomical sciences often relies on human cadaveric tissues. Without the good will of these donors who allow us to use their bodies to push forward our anatomical knowledge, most human anatomical research would come to a standstill. However, many research papers omit an acknowledgement to the donor cadavers or, as no current standardized versions exist, use language that is extremely varied.

Neural Mechanisms Underlying Time Perception and Reward Anticipation.

Findings suggest that the physiological mechanisms involved in the reward anticipation and time perception partially overlap. But the systematic investigation of a potential interaction between time and reward systems using neuroimaging is lacking. Eighteen healthy volunteers (all right-handed) participated in an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment that employs a visual paradigm that consists monetary reward to assess whether the functional neural representations of time perception and reward prospection are shared or distinct.

The Anatomical Relationships of the Ocular Motor Nerves with an Emphasis on Surgical Anatomy of the Orbit.

The surgical procedures directed to the orbit are invariably reported to be one of the most challenging procedures of the neurosurgery and it is very important to take measures to protect the ocular nerves. Many researchers have tried to identify safe approaches or safe regions in the orbit but the suggestions and results vary among published studies. The ocular motor nerves are under risk of injury during various approaches to the orbit.

Location of the infraorbital foramen with reference to soft tissue landmarks.

Purpose: The location of the infraorbital foramen and its variations are important during periorbital, dental, plastic, and oromaxillofacial surgeries. The aim of this study is to document the most practical anatomical soft tissue landmarks for defining the location of infraorbital foramen and infraorbital nerve for effective nerve blockade and to decrease its risk of injury during periorbital surgeries.

Methods: Forty sides from 20 adult fixed cadavers were used for this study.

Insertional Characteristics of the Peroneus Tertius Tendon: Revisiting the Anatomy of an Underestimated Muscle.

The present study was performed to describe the morphologic characteristics of the peroneus tertius (PT) tendon, evaluate the variations in its insertion point, investigate the interconnections with the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus, and discuss whether these insertion differences of the muscle tension might have an effect on fracture formation. The length and width of the PT tendon and the width at its midpoint were measured in 44 lower extremities. The data obtained were compared statistically.

The subdiaphragmatic part of the phrenic nerve - morphometry and connections to autonomic ganglia.

Few anatomical textbooks offer much information concerning the anatomy and distribution of the phrenic nerve inferior to the diaphragm. The aim of this study was to identify the subdiaphragmatic distribution of the phrenic nerve, the presence of phrenic ganglia, and possible connections to the celiac plexus. One hundred and thirty formalin-fixed adult cadavers were studied.

The effect of the dimensions of the distal femur and proximal tibia joint surfaces on the development of knee osteoarthritis.

The aim of this study was to determine whether the dimensions of the distal femur and proximal tibia joint surfaces affect the etiology of knee osteoarthritis (OA). The study comprised the records of 1,324 patients who had been admitted to hospital with knee pain. Anterioposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs of the knee were taken.

The fibular collateral ligament of the knee: a detailed review.

The fibular collateral ligament (FCL) is one of the larger ligaments of the knee. The FCL, along with the popliteus tendon, arcuate popliteal ligament, and joint capsule, make up the posterolateral corner of the knee. Recently, there has there been an increased awareness and research on the structures of the posterolateral corner of the knee, particularly the FCL.

Impact of fibular torsion and rotation on chronic ankle instability.

Background: The fibula is known not to involve in transmission of weight but known simply as an ankle stabilizer. However, its main function in stabilizing the ankle remains obscure. Since the fibula has an impact on torsion and rotation of the ankle, its effect on lateral ankle instability should be investigated.

Robotic hip arthroscopy: a cadaveric feasibility study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test if robotic surgery can be used while performing hip arthroscopy.

Methods: Hip arthroscopy was performed on two hip joints of a fresh-frozen male human cadaver. The arthroscopic control of the femoral head and neck and acetabular labrum were evaluated using the da Vinci Surgical System.

The potential effect of anatomic relationship between the femur and the tibia on medial meniscus tears.

Background: The anatomic and the kinematical relationships between the femur and the tibia have been previously examined in both normal and diseased knees. However, less attention has been directed to the effect of these relationships on the meniscal diseases. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of femorotibial incongruence on both lateral and medial meniscal tears.

Quantitative evaluation of the anatomical parameters for subaxial cervical spondylectomy: an anatomical study.

Object: The object of this investigation was to conduct a morphometric study in cadavers to determine anatomical structures, their relationships, and their morphometry for subaxial cervical spondylectomy.

Methods: Forty sides of 20 cadavers were used for this study. Dissections were performed in 2 stages (anteriorly and posteriorly).

Medical students' attitudes towards science and gross anatomy, and the relationship to personality.

Assessment of the personalities of medical students can enable medical educators to formulate strategies for the best development of academic and clinical competencies. Previous research has shown that medical students do not share a common personality profile, there being gender differences. We have also shown that, for French medical students, students with personality traits associated with strong competitiveness are selected for admission to medical school.

Does the sphenoid angle effect the operation strategy? Anatomical and radiological investigation.

Aim: The aim of our study is to suggest the sphenoid wing-lesser wing angulation (SWA) importance during surgeries directed to this region.

Material And Methods: SWA on 40 skulls were measured bilaterally (n=80). The depth of the middle cranial fossa (DMCF) at the level of the SWA was determined.

Surgical anatomy of the superior gluteal nerve and landmarks for its localization during minimally invasive approaches to the hip.

The superior gluteal nerve (SGN) is vulnerable to damage during total hip arthroplasty and various pelvic surgeries. Recently introduced minimally invasive approaches to the hip show promise for less muscle trauma compared to conventional approaches. However, the risk of damaging the SGN has not been well documented for such alternative approaches.

Robotic arthroscopic surgery: a new challenge in arthroscopic surgery Part-I: Robotic shoulder arthroscopy; a cadaveric feasibility study.

Background: Arthroscopy of the shoulder is a well-established diagnostic procedure which has widespread application. Advances in technology and the search for more minimal invasive surgery will always offer new techniques in any surgical field. Robotic technology is such an advance, offering technical advantages over standard laparoscopic approaches.

The adductor minimus muscle revisited.

The adductor minimus muscle has had scant and conflicting reports regarding its anatomy with some authors ignoring its existence altogether. The present study was conducted to more precisely describe the anatomy of this muscle. Forty human cadavers underwent dissection of the posterior thigh for observation of the adductor minimus muscle.

Vertebral spinal osteophytes.

Osteoarthritis is a common complication in the elderly and is often associated with osteophyte growth on vertebral bodies. The clinical presentation of vertebral osteophytes is related to anatomical structures adjacent to the spinal column. For instance, cervical osteophytes potentially involve the pharynx and esophagus, leading to dysphagic symptoms that may be accompanied by food aspiration, vocal fold paralysis and obstructive sleep apnea.

A novel approach for anterior sciatic nerve block: cadaveric feasibility study.

Background: Sciatic nerve block is a commonly used technique for providing anesthesia and analgesia to the lower extremity. It is classically performed through posterior or lateral approaches. However, an anterior approach should be considered in certain conditions where patient positioning would be complicated.

Ossification of ligaments near the foramen ovale: an anatomic study with potential clinical significance regarding transcutaneous approaches to the skull base.

Objective: There is paucity of information regarding the specific anatomy and clinical significance of ossified ligaments near the foramen ovale (e.g., pterygospinous and pterygoalar ligaments).