Association between maternal chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) and low birth weight preterm birth (LBWPT).

Objective: To determine the association between maternal chronic apical periodontitis and low birth weight preterm birth.

Methods: The case-control study was conducted at the Gynaecology Ward of the Civil Hospital, Karachi, from September 2017 to April 2018, and comprised women aged 19-48 years with singleton pregnancy delivering spontaneously. The subjects were examined for the presence of periodontitis.

Prevalence of obesity and its risk factors among school children in Karachi, Pakistan.

A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted during 2012 in private and public-sector schools of Karachi to determine the prevalence and factors influencing overweight and obesity among school children (aged 11-15 years). Sociodemographic characteristics and dietary habits were explored. The CDC Growth Chart was used to record height and weight.

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive, male intravenous drug users in Pakistan.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is fifth leading cause of mortality and disability among infectious diseases worldwide. HIV burden is increasing annually and compliance with antiretroviral therapy (ART) is low among intravenous drug users, especially in developing countries.

Aim: To determine the adherence level to ART among HIV-positive intravenous drug users in Karachi Pakistan.

Health-seeking behaviour of people living with HIV/AIDS and their satisfaction with health services provided at a tertiary care hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

Appropriate health-seeking behaviour is important as it allows prompt treatment for a condition and this can reduce complications and improve quality of life. This study aimed to assess the health-seeking behaviour and satisfaction with health care services of people living with HIV/AIDS attending the HIV/AIDS clinic of the Civil Hospital in Karachi. A total of 182 patients were interviewed using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire.

Pattern of unintentional burns: A hospital based study from Pakistan.

Background: Burns are major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Better understanding of the nature and extent of injury remains the major and only available way to halt the occurrence of the event. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of by self and by other unintentional burn, their comparison and the possible mode of acquisition by obtaining the history of exposure to known risk factors.

Severity of burn and its related factors: A study from the developing country Pakistan.

Background: Burns are leading cause of fatal injuries and major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The major obstacle in controlling severity is factors related to burn. This study determines frequency of burns and the factors related to it in Karachi, Pakistan.

Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding HIV/AIDS among adult fishermen in coastal areas of Karachi.

Background: Migrant populations are at high risk of Human Immuno Deficiency Virus infection (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Studies of HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes and practices among fishermen in developing countries have shown gaps in knowledge and fear of contagion with ambivalent attitudes towards HIV/AIDS and inconsistent universal precautions adherence. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding HIV/AIDS among adult fishermen in a coastal area of Karachi, Pakistan.

The frequency of smoking and common factors leading to continuation of smoking among health care providers in tertiary care hospitals of Karachi.

Background: The primary objective of the study was to find out the frequency of tobacco smoking among health care providers in tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. The secondary objective was to identify the common factors responsible for the continuation of smoking.

Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in the wards and out-patient departments of three selected tertiary hospitals of Karachi.

Comparison of knowledge, attitude and practices of betelnut users in two socio-economic areas of Karachi.

Objective: To gain an insight on the knowledge, attitude and practices of those who chew betel nut in two different socioeconomic regions of Karachi.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Saddar and Defence areas of Karachi over a five-week period in March-April 2012. Individual interviews following verbal consent were conducted using a pre-coded questionnaire, which was divided into 3 sections to analyse the knowledge, attitude and practices of the chewers.

Prevalence and factors related to dental caries among pre-school children of Saddar town, Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Dental caries is highly prevalent and a significant public health problem among children throughout the world. Epidemiological data regarding prevalence of dental caries amongst Pakistani pre-school children is very limited. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of dental caries among pre-school children of Saddar Town, Karachi, Pakistan and the factors related to caries.

Mothers' knowledge about EPI and its relation with age-appropriate vaccination of infants in peri-urban Karachi.

Objectives: To evaluate the relation between the knowledge of mothers about EPI vaccinations and their infant's coverage. Effect of other socio-demographic variables on mothers' knowledge and child's coverage was also assessed.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted, utilizing World Health Organization's thirty-cluster sampling strategy.

Dietary habits and life style among the students of a private medical university Karachi.

Objectives: To determine the dietary habits and life style of the students of a private medical university in Karachi.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Baqai Medical University, from August 2005 to September 2005. A total of 384 medical students from the batches of 2002 to 2005 participated in this study.

Dietary habits and life style among the students of a private medical university Karachi.

Objectives: To determine the dietary habits and life style of the students of a private medical university in Karachi.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Baqai Medical University, from August 2005 to September 2005. A total of 384 medical students from the batches of 2002 to 2005 participated in this study.

Knowledge about ionising and non-ionising radiation among medical students.

Background: The majority of patients remain concerned about radiation exposure and the health risk associated to it. A doctor is a person who can answer all pertinent questions regarding radiation and can satisfy their patients. Medical students, who are future doctors, can acquire this capability during their clinical rotation in the radiology department.

Pattern of antenatal care provided at a public sector hospital Hyderabad Sindh.

Background: To assess the pattern of antenatal care provided to the pregnant women and to determine their level of satisfaction for provision of services.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a public sector hospital of Hyderabad Sindh, the data was collected in the month of October 2004. The data was collected by using a pre-tested semi-structured Questionnaire, during the month of October 2004.

Assessment of EPI (expanded program of immunization) vaccine coverage in a peri-urban area.

Objective: To determine the age-appropriate EPI coverage of under one year old children and Tetanus Toxoid (TT) coverage of their mothers (15-49 years) in peri-urban Karachi and to determine the factors associated with low coverage.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out by utilizing WHO thirty-cluster sampling technique, seven households with infants, were randomly selected per cluster. Child's mother was interviewed by using a structured pre-tested questionnaire, regarding the EPI coverage of her child, her own TT coverage and other demographic and potential risk factors for low vaccination coverage.

Myths about diabetes mellitus among non-diabetic individuals attending primary health care centers of karachi subrubs.

Objective: To determine the myths and misconception about diabetes mellitus among non-diabetics attending primary health care centers of Gadap town, Karachi.

Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Primary Health Care Centers, Gadap Town, Karachi, during the month of July 2005.

A community based study about knowledge and practices regarding tobacco consumption and passive smoking in Gadap Town, Karachi.

Objective: To determine the proportion of people consuming tobacco in various forms, level of knowledge and practices regarding various harmful effects of tobacco and passive smoking.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Ghulam Mohammad Jokhio Goth, a small semi urban community of Gadap Town Karachi, which comprises of a population approximate 2225. About 157 people were interviewed regarding their tobacco consumption practices through a semi structured pre-tested questionnaire from June to August 2005.

Pattern of tobacco consumption among adult women of low socioeconomic community Karachi, Pakistan.

Objective: To assess pattern and to determine risk factors associated with tobacco consumption in various forms among adult women above 18 years of age in a low socioeconomic community of Manora Island, Karachi.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted and 200 adult women above 18 years of age were selected using systematic sampling with random start from a community of 5000 people in Manora Island, Karachi. There were 400 households in the community.

In vivo investigation of estrogen regulation of adrenal and renal angiotensin (AT1) receptor expression by PET.

Unlabelled: The renin angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated as one mediator of the cardiovascular effects of estrogen. Since changes in angiotensin type 1 (AT(1)) receptor expression are central to modulation of the RAS, we used the noninvasive PET imaging technique to study for the in vivo effects of estrogen on membrane and intracellular AT(1) receptors.

Methods: Dynamic PET measurements of canine AT(1) (cAT(1)) receptors using the radiolabeled AT(1) receptor antagonist, (11)C-L-159,884, were performed during 2-wk consecutive periods of estrogen deprivation induced by ovariectomy and 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) replacement.