Long-Term clinical efficacy of liraglutide for type 2 diabetes: real-world evidence and outcomes from Pakistan.

Background: Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has demonstrated efficacy in improving glycemic control and promoting weight loss in clinical trials. However, real-world data from diverse populations, particularly from South Asia, are limited. The study aims to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of liraglutide in a real-world setting among Pakistani patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

An observational multi-center study on type 2 diabetes treatment prescribing pattern and patient adherence to treatment.

In 2021, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reported that the prevalence of diabetes in Pakistan was 9.6%, higher than the global average. However, adherence to treatment guidelines, e.

Development and Evaluation of Cellulose Derivative and Pectin Based Swellable pH Responsive Hydrogel Network for Controlled Delivery of Cytarabine.

In the present study, pH-sensitive, biodegradable, and biocompatible Na-CMC/pectin poly(methacrylic acid) hydrogels were synthesized using an aqueous free radical polymerization technique and encapsulated by cytarabine (anti-cancer drug). The aim of the project was to sustain the plasma profile of cytarabine through oral administration. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) and pectin were cross-linked chemically with methacrylic acid (MAA) as a monomer, using methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as cross-linker and ammonium per sulfate (APS) as an initiator.

High prevalence of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) toxin carrying MRSA and multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria in late onset neonatal sepsis indicate nosocomial spread in a Pakistani tertiary care hospital.

Background: Neonatal sepsis has high incidence with significant mortality and morbidity rates in Pakistan. We investigated common etiological patterns of neonatal sepsis at a tertiary care setup.

Methods: 90 pus and blood, gram negative and gram positive bacterial isolates were analyzed for virulence and antibiotic resistance gene profiling using PCR and disc diffusion methods.

Formulation and characterization of orodispersible film containing diltiazem hydrochloride with taste masked effects.

Orodispersible film (ODF) is a better alternate to oral disintegrating tablets owing to its ease in application and subsequent patient compliance. This study investigates an improvement in physico-mechanical properties and palatability of Diltiazem Hydrochloride (DTZ) by formulating ODF employing solvent casting method. DTZ, used in the treatment of angina and hypertension, undergoes extensive presystemic metabolism and gives an incomplete bioavailability of 35-40%.

Orally Administered, Biodegradable and Biocompatible Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Grafted Poly(methacrylic acid) Hydrogel for pH Sensitive Sustained Anticancer Drug Delivery.

In the current study, a pH sensitive intelligent hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-based polymeric network (HP-β-CD-g-MAA) was developed through a solution polymerization technique for site specific delivery of cytarabine in the colonic region. Prepared hydrogel formulations were characterized through cytarabine loading (%), ingredient's compatibility, structural evaluation, thermal integrity, swelling pattern, release behavior and toxicological profiling in rabbits. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic profile of cytarabine was also determined in rabbits.

Biocompatible polymeric blend for pH driven delivery of cytarabine: Effect of feed contents on swelling and release kinetics.

Purpose of this study was to prepare chitosan/tamarind crosslinked poly (methacrylic acid) hydrogels for pH responsive delivery of cytarabine by using aqueous free radical polymerization technique. Polymers were chemically cross-linked with monomer (methacrylic acid) using methylene bisacrylamide as cross-linking agent and ammonium per sulphate as a reaction initiator in aqueous medium. Developed hydrogels were characterized for morphology, physical existence, drug loading (%), compositional and structural analysis, thermal behavior and stability, drug release analysis (pH 1.

Formulation and evaluation of interpenetrating polymeric network for controlled drug delivery.

Novel Cytarabine-loaded agarose and fenugreek-based hydrogel were formulated via the crosslinking process. Graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) on agarose and fenugreek was carried out by using methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and potassium persulfate as an initiator. The influence of different formulation ingredients (fenugreek, agarose, MBA, MAA) on swelling index, percentage drug release, and percentage gel content were investigated.

Smart pH-responsive Co-polymeric Hydrogels for Controlled Delivery of Capecitabine: Fabrication, Optimization and In Vivo Toxicology Screening.

Background: Despite exhibiting promising anticancer potential, the clinical significance of capecitabine (a potent prodrug of 5-fluorouracil used for the treatment of colorectal cancer) is limited owing to its acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis, lower absorption following the oral administration, poor bioavailability, short plasma half-life, and poor patient compliance.

Objectives: The present study was aimed to fabricate the capecitabine as a smart pH-responsive hydrogel network to efficiently facilitate its oral delivery while shielding its stability in the gastric media.

Methods: The smart pH-sensitive HP-β-CD/agarose-g-poly(MAA) hydrogel network was developed using an aqueous free radical polymerization technique.

PELLETS AND PELLETIZATION: EMERGING TRENDS IN THE PHARMA INDUSTRY.

The present time is considered as an era of advancements in drug delivery systems. Different novel approaches are under investigation that range from uniparticulate to multi particulate system, macro to micro and nano particulate systems. Pelletization is one of the novel drug delivery technique that provides an effective way to deliver the drug in modified pattern.