Occlusive blood clots remain a significant global health challenge and result in emergencies that are main causes of death and disability worldwide. Thrombolytic agents (including tissue plasminogen activator, tPA) are the only pharmacological means to dissolve blood clots. However, these drugs have modest efficacy and severe safety concerns persist.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant burden globally and, despite current therapeutics, remains the leading cause of death. Platelet inhibitors are of interest in CVD treatment to reduce thrombus formation post-plaque rupture as well their contribution to inflammation throughout the progression of atherosclerosis. Protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4) is a receptor highly expressed by platelets, strongly activated by thrombin, and plays a vital role in platelet activation and aggregation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer detection is challenging, especially in patients with unspecific cancer symptoms. Biomarkers could identify patients at high risk of cancer. Prior studies indicate that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are associated with cancer, but also with autoimmune and infectious diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Scientific and clinical interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) is growing. EVs that expose tissue factor (TF) bind factor VII/VIIa and can trigger coagulation. Highly procoagulant TF-exposing EVs are detectable in the circulation in various diseases, such as sepsis, COVID-19, or cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA common feature in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) is the formation of a nonocclusive intraluminal thrombus (ILT) in regions of aortic dilation. Platelets are known to maintain hemostasis and propagate thrombosis through several redundant activation mechanisms, yet the role of platelet activation in the pathogenesis of AAA-associated ILT is still poorly understood. Thus, we sought to investigate how platelet activation affects the pathogenesis of AAA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInterplay between platelets, coagulation factors, endothelial cells (ECs), and fibrinolytic factors is necessary for effective hemostatic plug formation. This study describes a 4-dimensional (4D) imaging platform to visualize and quantify hemostatic plug components in mice with high spatiotemporal resolution. Fibrin accumulation after laser-induced vascular injury was observed at the platelet plug-EC interface, controlled by the antagonistic balance between fibrin generation and breakdown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatients with cancer have an increased risk of ischemic stroke compared to the general population. Additionally, these patients have a worse prognosis compared to stroke patients without cancer. Activation of coagulation appears to play a key role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke in patients with cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlasma kallikrein (PKa) is an important activator of factor XII (FXII) of the contact pathway of coagulation. Several studies have shown that PKa also possesses procoagulant activity independent of FXII, likely through its ability to directly activate FIX. We evaluated the procoagulant activity of PKa using a mouse whole blood (WB) thrombin-generation (TG) assay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Coagulopathy and associated bleeding and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with acute leukemia. The underlying mechanisms of these complications have not been fully elucidated.
Objectives: To evaluate the associations between biomarker levels and bleeding and DVT in acute leukemia patients.
Introduction: Mucins released from epithelial tumors have been proposed to play a role in cancer-associated thrombosis. Mucin1 (MUC1) is a transmembrane mucin that is overexpressed in a variety of human malignancies, including breast and pancreatic cancer. We analyzed the association of MUC1 and venous thrombosis in a mouse tumor model and in patients with cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRes Pract Thromb Haemost
January 2024
Background: Tissue factor (TF) is the primary cellular initiator of the blood coagulation cascade. Increased levels of TF expression on circulating monocytes or on extracellular vesicles (EVs) are associated with thrombosis in a variety of diseases, including sepsis and COVID-19.
Objectives: Here, we aimed to evaluate the ability of 4 commercial TF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to measure mouse TF in cells and plasma.
Microbial infections activate the innate and adaptive immune systems. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns produced by microbes, such as double-stranded RNA, are detected by PRRs (pattern-recognition receptors), such as toll-like receptor 3, and this leads to the expression of interferons and cytokines..
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane receptor for factor (F) VII and FVIIa. The TF/FVIIa complex initiates the coagulation cascade by activating both FIX and FX. TF is released from cells into the circulation in the form of extracellular vesicles (EVs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRes Pract Thromb Haemost
November 2023
Background: Coagulopathy and associated bleeding and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with acute leukemia. The underlying mechanisms of these complications have not been fully elucidated.
Objectives: To evaluate the associations between biomarker levels and bleeding and VTE in acute leukemia patients.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication in patients with cancer. Data on the role of natural inhibitors of coagulation for occurrence of cancer-associated VTE are limited, thus, we investigated the association of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) with risk of VTE and all-cause mortality in patients with cancer. Total TFPI antigen levels were measured with a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay in patients included in the Vienna Cancer and Thrombosis Study, a prospective observational cohort study with the primary outcome VTE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe relationship between von Willebrand factor (VWF) and inflammation has attracted considerable attention in recent years. VWF, which is stored in the Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) of endothelial cells (ECs), is released from WPBs in response to inflammatory stimuli and is thought to contribute to inflammation by promoting leukocyte extravasation. In this study, lung injury model mice were produced by intratracheal injection with lipopolysaccharides.
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