Being, belonging and bestowing: differing degrees of community involvement amongst rural elders in England and Wales.

Government exhortations for full community involvement in their locales in England and Wales have particular significance for rural elders as the literature suggests that they are amongst the most active in this sphere. But different people have different propensities to 'join in'. A taxonomy of different degrees of involvement in community is derived: antagonising, absenting, being, belonging, bestowing and communing.

Access rights for outdoor recreation in New Zealand: some lessons for open country in England and Wales.

Access opportunities for outdoor recreation in New Zealand and England and Wales are classified according to their conformity with collective, citizenship or exclusion rights and their degrees of permanence. Alternative criteria for the apportionment of access rights are considered in the context of this classification. Different criteria for rights apportionment are found to be appropriate according to different circumstances in the context of pluralist provision.