External negative pressure transiently reduces intravenous pressure and augments the arteriovenous pressure gradient in the affected limb segment.

Recently intermittent negative pressure has emerged as a potential treatment in vascular disease and has similarities with established experimental interventions such as lower body negative pressure. The direct, local influences of either method upon intravascular pressure still require some clarification however, particularly in the immediate moments following onset. We investigated the acute intravascular pressure responses to intermittent cycles of negative pressure in the supine and sitting postures.

3D-Printed Tourniquets Used at the Battlefront in Ukraine: A Pilot Study.

Background: The war in Ukraine urged a need for prompt deliv- erance and resupply of tourniquets to the front. Producing tour- niquets near the battlefront was a feasible option with respect to resupply and cost.

Methods: A locally produced 3D-printed tourniquet (Ukrainian model) from the "Tech Against Tanks" charity was tested against commercially available and Committee of Tactical Combat Casualty Care (CoTCCC)- recommended tourniquets (C-A-T™ and SOF™TT-W).

Sports safety matting diminishes cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality and increases rescuer perceived exertion.

Objectives: Compliant surfaces beneath a casualty diminish the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in clinical environments. To examine this issue in a sporting environment, we assessed chest compression quality and rescuer exertion upon compliant sports safety matting.

Methods: Twenty-seven advanced life support providers volunteered (13 male/14 female; mass = 79.

Cardiorespiratory demands of competitive rock climbing.

Rock climbing has become a mainstream sport, contested on the Olympic stage. The work/rest pattern of bouldering is unique among disciplines, and little is known about its physiological demands. This study characterised the cardiorespiratory responses to simulated competition.

The exercise pressor response to indoor rock climbing.

This paper assessed the blood pressure, heart rate, and mouth-pressure responses to indoor rock climbing (bouldering) and associated training exercises. Six well-trained male rock climbers (mean ± SD age, 27.7 ± 4.

MEDEX2015: Greater Sea-Level Fitness Is Associated with Lower Sense of Effort During Himalayan Trekking Without Worse Acute Mountain Sickness.

Rossetti, Gabriella M.K., Jamie H.

Comment on: Forearm oxygenation and blood flow kinetics during a sustained contraction in multiple ability groups of rock climbers.

We read with interest the authors' paper on this important area of climbing physiology. We however wish to highlight the incorrect identification of flexor carpi radialis (FCR) as a finger flexor and the implications it has for the conclusions described. FCR is a wrist flexor and has no direct bearing on flexion of the fingers during a climbing grip and thus could be expected to have a reduced oxygenation response compared to flexor digitorum profundus.

Physiological demands of mountain rescue work.

Objective: To characterise the physical fitness of mountain rescue (MR) volunteers and the physical demands of a typical MR callout.

Methods: Eight MR volunteers (age ± SD: 45.5 ± 8.

Athletic profile of highly accomplished boulderers.

Objective: Bouldering is a discipline of rock climbing completed at low height. Despite its popularity, scientific description of this sport remains sparse. This study aims to characterize the athletic profile of highly accomplished boulderers.