Application of Nuclear Medicine Techniques in Musculoskeletal Infection: Current Trends and Future Prospects.

Nuclear medicine has become an indispensable discipline in the diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal infections. Radionuclide tests serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for patients suspected of having osteomyelitis, spondylodiscitis, or prosthetic joint infections. The choice of the most suitable imaging modality depends on various factors, including the affected area, potential extra osseous involvement, or the impact of previous bone/joint conditions.

Chondroid Tumors: Review of Salient Imaging Features and Update on the WHO Classification.

Chondrogenic tumors are typically well recognized on radiographs, but differentiation between benign and malignant cartilaginous lesions can be difficult both for the radiologist and for the pathologist. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical, radiological and histological findings. While treatment of benign lesions does not require surgery, the only curative treatment for chondrosarcoma is resection.

Myxomas and myxoid liposarcomas of the extremities: Our preliminary findings in conventional, perfusion, and diffusion magnetic resonance.

Background: The differentiation between myxomas and myxoid liposarcomas (MLPS) often is a serious challenge for the radiologists. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most useful imaging technique in characterization of the soft tissue tumors (STT).

Purpose: To evaluate in a sample of myxomas and MLPS of the extremities, what morphological findings in conventional MRI allow us to differentiate these two types of myxoid tumors, in addition to analyzing the validity of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI).

Agreement Between 18F-FDG PET/CT and Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Compared With Skeletal Survey for Initial Staging and Response at End-of-Treatment Evaluation of Patients With Multiple Myeloma.

Purpose: To compare the agreement between whole-body (WB) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, 18F-FDG PET/CT, and skeletal survey (SS) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) for diagnosis, initial staging, response evaluation, and early detection of complications.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study including MM patients who were diagnosed, treated, and followed in 2 institutions. These patients were studied with SS, WB-MR, and/or 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Skeletal muscle and solitary bone metastases from malignant melanoma: multimodality imaging and oncological outcome.

Malignant melanoma solitary metastases to bone or skeletal muscle occur in 0.8% of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate features of skeleton and muscle metastases with multimodality imaging and review the oncological outcome.

Evaluation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with 64-slice multidetector computed tomography versus FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography in initial staging and restaging after treatment.

Background And Objectives: To prospectively compare the accuracy in initial staging and end-of-treatment restaging of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) between 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (64MDCT) and 18FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FGD PET/CT) with intravenous contrast injection.

Material And Methods: Randomised and blind controlled clinical multicentric trial that included biopsy-proven DLBCL patients. Seventy-two patients from five different hospitals in the region of Madrid, Spain, were enrolled in the study between January 2012 and June 2015.

Structural similarity index family for image quality assessment in radiological images.

The structural similarity index (SSIM) family is a set of metrics that has demonstrated good agreement with human observers in tasks using reference images. These metrics analyze the viewing distance, edge information between the reference and the test images, changed and preserved edges, textures, and structural similarity of the images. Eight metrics based on that family are proposed.

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Early Spondyloarthritis: Low Serum Levels as a Potential Biomarker for Disease Severity.

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a family of inflammatory diseases sharing clinical, genetic, and radiological features. While crucial for tailoring early interventions, validated prognostic biomarkers are scarce in SpA. We analyze the correlation between serum levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and disease activity/severity in patients with early chronic inflammatory back pain.

Abdominal complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Abdominal complications affect more than 80% of patients who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for treatment of benign or malignant hematologic disease and some solid tumors. HSCT can be performed using cells from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood. These stem cells may be from the patient him- or herself (autologous transplant), from relatives or nonrelatives with very similar human leukocyte antigen (allogeneic transplant), or from an identical twin (syngeneic transplant).

[Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma staging: a prospective study of the value of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) versus PET and CT].

Background And Objective: To prospectively analyze the diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and to evaluate the most appropriate study protocol of this technique.

Patients And Method: Seventy-six biopsy proven NHL patients were enrolled in this prospective study for 3 years. Patients initially underwent a low-dose CT without intravenous contrast, then a PET emission scan and finally a full-dose CT with intravenous contrast.

Integrated FDG PET/CT: Utility and Applications in Clinical Oncology.

Accurate diagnosis and staging are essential for an optimal management of cancer patients. Positron emision tomography with 2-deoxy-2-fluorine-18-fluoro-D-glucose ((18)FDG-PET) and, more recently, (18)FDG-PET/computed tomography ((18)FDG-PET/CT) have emerged as powerful imaging tools in oncology, because of the valuable functional information they provide. The combined acquisition of PET and CT has synergistic advantages over its isolated constituents and minimizes their limitations.

Blast injuries from Madrid terrorist bombing attacks on March 11, 2004.

Blast injuries after terrorist attacks are seen with increasing frequency worldwide. Thousands of victims were attended in the hospitals of Madrid, Spain, on March 11, 2004 after the bombing attacks against the commuter trains. Thirty-six patients were attended in our institution.

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography: diagnostic accuracy in lymphoma.

An accurate initial staging of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is critical for the selection of an appropriate treatment. Computed tomography (CT) remains the standard imaging technique, although it is based on anatomic criteria. Positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) provides useful functional information but requires anatomical correlation to localise lesions accurately.

PET/CT in lymphoma: prospective study of enhanced full-dose PET/CT versus unenhanced low-dose PET/CT.

Unlabelled: PET/CT combines functional and morphologic data and increases diagnostic accuracy in a variety of malignancies. This study prospectively compares the agreement between contrast-enhanced full-dose PET/CT and unenhanced low-dose PET/CT in lesion detection and initial staging of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Methods: Forty-seven biopsy-proven lymphoma patients underwent a 18F-FDG PET/CT study that included unenhanced low-dose CT and enhanced full-dose CT for initial staging.

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the management of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The incidence of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is around 8% of all malignancies. Fortunately, HD and NHL are among the few malignancies that are potentially curable with current existing treatment modalities, even in advanced or recurrent disease. Accurate staging, early therapy monitoring, and posttreatment evaluation of lymphomas are important for optimum management of these patients.

Congenital anomalies of the tracheobronchial tree, lung, and mediastinum: embryology, radiology, and pathology.

Congenital anomalies of the chest are an important cause of morbidity in infants, children, and even adults. The evaluation of affected patients frequently requires multiple imaging modalities to diagnose the anomaly and plan surgical correction. The authors analyze and illustrate practical aspects of certain common and uncommon congenital anomalies affecting the tracheobronchial tree, lung, and mediastinum, with emphasis on radiologic manifestations.