Leishmaniasis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A National Multicenter Study of GETECCU.

Background: Leishmaniasis (LI) is a vector-borne illness caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania. Data on the features of LI in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are scarce.

Aim: To describe the characteristics of patients with IBD who present with leishmaniasis, infection outcomes and the risk factors associated with developing visceral leishmaniasis (VL).

The mechanisms underlying the cardiac effects of modified citrus pectin in obese rats with myocardial ischemia: Role of galectin-3.

Background: Modified citrus pectin (MCP) is used as a nutritional supplement that inhibits galectin-3 activity, a central player in the cardiac damage associated with different pathological situations. In fact, we have previously observed that MCP improved cardiac function in obese infarcted rats that was associated with a reduction in cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to further explore whether this effect could involve the modulation of gene expression of ECM components and their mediators as well as whether it could affect another two mechanisms involved in cardiac damage: mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic flux.

Two distinct epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition programs control invasion and inflammation in segregated tumor cell populations.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) triggers cell plasticity in embryonic development, adult injured tissues and cancer. Combining the analysis of EMT in cell lines, embryonic neural crest and mouse models of renal fibrosis and breast cancer, we find that there is not a cancer-specific EMT program. Instead, cancer cells dedifferentiate and bifurcate into two distinct and segregated cellular trajectories after activating either embryonic-like or adult-like EMTs to drive dissemination or inflammation, respectively.

Leveraging HIV self-testing to achieve the UNAIDS 2025 targets in the South and Southeast Asia region.

Introduction: The South and Southeast Asia region has the second-highest number of people living with HIV globally. Despite progress in reducing HIV incidence and AIDS-related deaths, the region still has a long way to go in achieving the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 95-95-95 HIV testing, treatment and viral suppression targets. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is recommended by the World Health Organization as an additional approach to HIV testing.

A perfect recipe for a corticospinal neuron.

A tailored cocktail of genes can reprogram a subset of progenitors to no longer produce glial cells and instead develop into neurons involved in motor control.

Gender differences and the association between the phenomenological characteristics of autobiographical memories and psychopathic traits in a university student sample.

The study aimed to analyse the relationship between the dimensions of the triarchic model of psychopathy (meanness, boldness and disinhibition) and the phenomenological characteristics of Autobiographical Memory (AM) in a sample of university students, examining potential gender differences. Participants ( = 260; 55.4% women; aged 18-25) performed an AM task, followed by the Autobiographical Memory Characteristics Questionnaire and the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure.

Interhemispheric CA1 projections support spatial cognition and are affected in a mouse model of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Untangling the hippocampus connectivity is critical for understanding the mechanisms supporting learning and memory. However, the function of interhemispheric connections between hippocampal formations is still poorly understood. So far, two major hippocampal commissural projections have been characterized in rodents.

Actigraphy-assessed sleep duration and quality and executive function in a sample of typically developing preschoolers.

Sleep is essential for cognitive development and brain maturation during early childhood. Studies focused on preschool populations using objective measures of sleep are still scarce. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between objective measures of sleep duration and quality with executive functioning in a 133 non-clinical sample of Spanish participants (M = 60.

The incidence of HIV-2 infection in Spain is declining - a registry data analysis.

Objectives: HIV-2 infection is a neglected disease caused by a human retrovirus that causes AIDS more slowly than HIV-1. Infection with HIV-2 is endemic in West Africa. Given its differential features, guidelines recommend ruling out HIV-2 infection in all newly diagnosed HIV-seropositive individuals.

Early cortical GABAergic interneurons determine the projection patterns of L4 excitatory neurons.

During cerebral cortex development, excitatory pyramidal neurons (PNs) establish specific projection patterns while receiving inputs from GABAergic inhibitory interneurons (INs). Whether these inhibitory inputs can shape PNs' projection patterns is, however, unknown. While layer 4 (L4) PNs of the primary somatosensory (S1) cortex are all born as long-range callosal projection neurons (CPNs), most of them acquire local connectivity upon activity-dependent elimination of their interhemispheric axons during postnatal development.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tissue repair and degeneration.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) are the epitome of cell plasticity in embryonic development and cancer; during EMT, epithelial cells undergo dramatic phenotypic changes and become able to migrate to form different tissues or give rise to metastases, respectively. The importance of EMTs in other contexts, such as tissue repair and fibrosis in the adult, has become increasingly recognized and studied. In this Review, we discuss the function of EMT in the adult after tissue damage and compare features of embryonic and adult EMT.

Evaluation of the association between excessive screen use, sleep patterns and behavioral and cognitive aspects in preschool population. A systematic review.

In this review, we analyzed the possible relationship between the excessive use of screens and sleep patterns, and how this may affect certain behavioral and cognitive factors in preschool children. The selection, extraction and synthesis of the data were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The search was carried out in the electronic databases Medline (PubMed), PsycINFO (American Psychological Association), Scopus and Web of Science (WOS).

Intron detention tightly regulates the stemness/differentiation switch in the adult neurogenic niche.

The adult mammalian brain retains some capacity to replenish neurons and glia, holding promise for brain regeneration. Thus, understanding the mechanisms controlling adult neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation is crucial. Paradoxically, adult NSCs in the subependymal zone transcribe genes associated with both multipotency maintenance and neural differentiation, but the mechanism that prevents conflicts in fate decisions due to these opposing transcriptional programmes is unknown.

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.

Language and autobiographical memory development from 5 to 12 years: A longitudinal perspective.

The main aim of this study, with two repeated measurements, was to analyze the development of autobiographical memory in a sample of 78 Spanish participants at ages 5 (Time 1; M = 62.43 months, range: 50-74 months) and 12 (Time 2; M = 142.71 months, range: 132-155 months).

Effects of affectively-loaded childhood-related photos from the IAPS on the induction of involuntary autobiographical memories in young and older adults.

Objective: Aging produces changes in emotional reactivity and the retrieval of autobiographical memories. The main aim of this study was to assess age-related differences, comparing emotion induction and autobiographical memory recall using photos from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) that are thematically related to childhood.

Method: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, with the participation of 327 individuals (168 young adults and 159 older adults) with no cognitive impairment and aged between 18 and 88 years.

Effect of popular songs from the reminiscence bump as autobiographical memory cues in aging: a preliminary study using EEG.

Introduction: Music has the capacity to evoke emotions and memories. This capacity is influenced by whether or not the music is from the reminiscence bump (RB) period. However, research on the neural correlates of the processes of evoking autobiographical memories through songs is scant.

Transcription levels of hes and their involvement in the biofilm formation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O91.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are recognized as being responsible for many cases of foodborne diseases worldwide. Cattle are the main reservoir of STEC, shedding the microorganisms in their feces. The serogroup STEC O91 has been associated with hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Analysis of Updates in Multiple Myeloma Treatment and Management.

Introduction: During the past two decades, new therapeutic agents have greatly improved the treatment landscape in multiple myeloma (MM). Treatments such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, targeted monoclonal antibody therapy, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have improved outcomes with less toxicity. Advances in laboratory testing have accompanied this change, performing faster and more accurate assessments of treatment response.