A new look at an old bite splint.

The purpose of this article is to explain a broader rationale for the use of the classic "bite splint" in general dental, orthodontic and other specialty practices. The author's motivation for writing comes from over 50 years of diagnosing the indications for a splint, and developing variations in the design, fabrication, delivery and adjustments to it. Techniques for diagnosis and patients' feedback are included.

Physical assessments of lipid injectable emulsions via microscopy: a comparison to methods proposed in United States pharmacopeia chapter 729.

In confirming the stability of lipid injectable emulsions, the United States Pharmacopeia has recently recommended that light scattering be used to determine the mean droplet size (i.e., fineness of the dispersion), and light obscuration or light extinction be used to quantify the extent of the large-diameter tail (i.

Lost vertical dimension/hypoxia. A case report and commentary.

Is there a relationship between lost vertical dimension (LVD) and hypoxia? This case history records and analyzes a series of uncontrolled treatment events documented with narrative, photographs, and models, leading us to a conclusion that there is definite relationship between LVD and Hypoxia in this instance, and should be an impetus for heightened awareness, further study, and research to further substantiate this claim. The reason for this paper is that Brandon had some Buildups placed on his primary molars to reclaim some his of the lost vertical dimension associated with early tooth loss facilitating tooth up righting. Unbeknown, a few days later his teacher asked Brandon's mother, "what medication is Brandon on?" as she noticed behavioral changes in him that she had seen in other pupils put on medications.

Physicochemical stability of highly concentrated total nutrient admixtures for fluid-restricted patients.

Purpose: The physicochemical stability of highly concentrated total nutrient admixtures (TNAs) for fluid-restricted patients was studied.

Methods: Five TNAs made from lipid injectable emulsions (50:50 mixture of medium-chain and long-chain triglycerides) designed to meet the full nutritional needs of adults with body weights of 40-80 kg were chosen. Protein was included in the TNAs at 1.

Do conservative solutes migrate at average pore-water velocity?

According to common understanding, the advective velocity of a conservative solute equals the average linear pore-water velocity. Yet direct monitoring indicates that the two velocities may be different in heterogeneous media. For example, at the Camp Dodge, Iowa, site the advective velocity of discrete Cl- plumes was less than one tenth of the average pore-water velocity calculated from Darcy's law using the measured hydraulic gradient, effective porosity, and hydraulic conductivity (K) from large-scale three-dimensional (3D) techniques, e.

Physicochemical stability of intravenous lipid emulsions as all-in-one admixtures intended for the very young.

Background & Aims: Intravenous lipid emulsions (IVLEs) are unstable when growth of lipid droplets into large fat globules is detected by appropriate particle sizing techniques. Specifically, instability is evident when the volume-weighted percent fat (PFAT)>5 microm exceeds 0.4% of the total lipids present.

The influence of medium-chain triglycerides on the stability of all-in-one formulations.

When mixed with parenteral nutrients as an all-in-one admixture, previous data have demonstrated that lipid emulsions composed of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) and long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) yield more stable formulations compared with those compounded with pure LCT lipid emulsions. We investigated the physical stability of various preparations of intravenous lipid emulsions as all-in-one admixtures. Each final lipid emulsion used to compound the all-in-one formulation was a 20% w/v mixture containing MCTs and LCTs as either a single emulsion containing both triglycerides, or an emulsion made extemporaneously from separate starting emulsions of pure MCT and LCT.

Physicochemical assessments of parenteral lipid emulsions: light obscuration versus laser diffraction.

The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) has proposed a new Chapter <729> entitled 'Globule Size Distribution in Intravenous Emulsions' that is intended to identify methods for analyzing the stability of lipid emulsions. We studied the differences between particle-sizing instruments when analyzing the physicochemical stability of a parenteral nutrition mixture compounded with intravenous lipid emulsion, known as an all-in-one mixture. As the growth of lipid droplets, i.

Physicochemical stability assessments of lipid emulsions of varying oil composition.

Background And Aims: Intravenous lipid emulsions have been shown to be unstable when the percent fat >5 microm (PFAT >5 microm) exceeds 0.4% by weight of the total fat present. We investigated the physicochemical stability of a standard low amino acid and carbohydrate mixture containing electrolytes when combined with four different commercial intravenous lipid emulsions of varying oil composition.

Different feedback regulation of hepatic cholesterol and bile acid synthesis by glycodeoxycholic acid in rabbits.

Background: To explore the sexual difference in the feedback regulation of hepatic bile acid synthesis, glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) was administered to 15 male and 14 female rabbits.

Methods: After bile diversion, GDCA equivalent to the hepatic bile acid influx was infused intraduodenally. Biliary cholic acid output represented bile acid synthesis.

Glycocholic acid and glycodeoxycholic acid but not glycoursocholic acid inhibit bile acid synthesis in the rabbit.

Feedback regulation of derepressed hepatic bile acid biosynthesis was studied individually with glycocholic, glycodeoxycholic, and glycoursocholic acids by infusion into bile acid-depleted rabbits. Construction of a bile fistula drained the endogenous bile acid pool (90% glycodeoxycholic acid, 10% glycocholic acid) within 24 hours and elicited maximal bile acid synthesis after about 72 hours, at which time glycocholic acid became the only biliary bile acid (greater than 98%). Replacement of the bile acid pool with glycocholic acid or glycodeoxycholic acid at a rate equivalent to the hepatic endogenous bile acid flux inhibited endogenous biosynthesis by 40%.

Alcohol-induced brain changes in dogs.

We studied the neuropathologic effects of chronic alcohol ingestion on the brains of healthy, well-nourished, male mongrel dogs. Five experimental dogs were provided 36% of their calories as ethyl alcohol for 1 year. Following killing, their brains were weighed, photographed, sectioned, and processed for computerized morphometric determinations of ventricular size, cortical thickness, and neocortical neuron and glial cell populations.

Bicuspid buildup (convertible) splint.

All clinicians using removable repositioning orthotics are faced with the dilemma of lack of patient compliance. The author has solved this problem by using a maxillary appliance with an anterior inclined plane with intraocclusal acrylic in the bicuspid area. After mandibular reposturing is accomplished, the inclined plane can be removed, thus converting the appliance to a bicuspid buildup splint.

Ursodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and 7-ketolithocholic acid are primary bile acids of the guinea pig.

Guinea pig gallbladder bile contains chenodeoxycholic acid (62 +/- 5%), ursodeoxycholic acid (8 +/- 5%), and 7-ketolithocholic acid (30 +/- 5%). All three bile acids became labeled to the same specific activity within 30 min after [3H]cholesterol was injected into bile fistula guinea pigs. When a mixture of [3H]ursodeoxycholic acid and [14C]chenodeoxycholic acid was infused into another bile fistula guinea pig, little 3H could be detected in either chenodeoxycholic acid or 7-ketolithocholic acid.

Differential effects of antiepileptic drugs and beta-carbolines on seizures induced by excitatory amino acids.

Agonists acting at subtypes of glutamate receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate, kainate and quisqualate, induce convulsions in rodents. Clonic seizures induced in mice by intracerebral administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate, kainate or quisqualate were used to study the anti- and proconvulsant potential of antiepileptic drugs and beta-carbolines. Systemic administration showed that the benzodiazepines clonazepam and midazolam blocked convulsions induced by kainate and had no effect on seizures triggered by N-methyl-D-aspartate and quisqualate.

Acute inhibition of gonadotropin secretion by corticotropin-releasing hormone in the primate: are the adrenal glands involved?

To investigate the role of the adrenal glands in the acute inhibition of gonadotropins induced by CRH in the primate, we have compared the effects of CRH infusion on LH and FSH before and after adrenalectomy and under variable glucocorticoid backgrounds. The studies were performed in four ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. Confirming previous observations, a 5-h iv CRH (rat/human CRH, 100-150 micrograms/h), but not saline, infusion inhibited both LH and FSH secretion.

Chronic instrumentation and longterm investigation in the fetal and maternal baboon: tether system, conditioning procedures and surgical techniques.

A tether system, conditioning procedures and surgical techniques were designed to maintain chronic catheters and electrodes in the pregnant baboon and her fetus. The tether system was comprised of a lightweight metal backpack containing catheters and electrodes, couplers, pressure transducers and electrical cabling. The backpack was held snugly in place by shoulder and body straps.

C-type virus particles in placentas of rhesus monkeys after maternal treatment with recombinant leukocyte A interferon.

Interferon inhibits the normal replication of C-type virus particles grown in vitro. The ability of interferon to produce a similar effect in vivo was tested in rhesus monkey placentas which are known to contain C-type virus particles. Samples of placenta from 6 monkeys treated with recombinant leukocyte A interferon (25 x 10(6) units/kg) for 7 to 21 days and from 6 control monkeys were examined in the electron microscope.

Tubuloreticular inclusions in placental chorionic villi of rhesus monkeys after maternal treatment with interferon.

Tubuloreticular inclusions were observed in placental chorionic villi of rhesus monkeys after pregnant female monkeys were injected intramuscularly with recombinant leukocyte A interferon (25 X 10(6) units/kg). They were identified in endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and Hofbauer cells of the chorionic villi, providing evidence that interferon crossed at least part of the maternal-fetal partition. Induction of tubuloreticular inclusions in these cells by exogenous interferon has not been previously reported.