Neuronavigated Focalized Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Administered During Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that allows the modulation of the excitability and plasticity of the human brain. Focalized tDCS setups use specific electrode arrangements to constrain the current flow to circumscribed brain regions. However, the effectiveness of focalized tDCS can be compromised by electrode positioning errors on the scalp, resulting in significant reductions of the current dose reaching the target brain regions for tDCS.

A Proof-of-Principle Study for δN Measurements of Aqueous Dissolved Nitrate With a Modified LC-IRMS Interface.

Rationale: The analysis of nitrogen isotopes in aqueous dissolved nitrate is an effective method for identifying pollution sources and offers the potential to study the nitrogen cycle. However, the measurement of nitrogen isotope ratios of nitrate still requires extensive sample preparation or derivatization.

Methods: In this study, a modified commercially available liquid chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometer (LC-IRMS) interface is presented that enables automated measurement of δN signatures from nitrate by online reduction of nitrate in two consecutive steps.

Circulating tumor DNA in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: analysis of response assessment, correlation with PET/CT and clone evolution.

Introduction: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be obtained from cell-free DNA (cfDNA) andis a new technique for genotyping, response assessment and prognosis in lymphoma.

Methods: Eighteen patients with samples at diagnosis (ctDNA1), after treatment (ctDNA2) and extracted from diagnostic tissue (FFPE) were evaluated.

Results: In all patients, at least one mutation in cfDNA was detected at diagnosis.

Investigating the neural mechanisms of transcranial direct current stimulation effects on human cognition: current issues and potential solutions.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been studied extensively for its potential to enhance human cognitive functions in healthy individuals and to treat cognitive impairment in various clinical populations. However, little is known about how tDCS modulates the neural networks supporting cognition and the complex interplay with mediating factors that may explain the frequently observed variability of stimulation effects within and between studies. Moreover, research in this field has been characterized by substantial methodological variability, frequent lack of rigorous experimental control and small sample sizes, thereby limiting the generalizability of findings and translational potential of tDCS.

Electrode positioning errors reduce current dose for focal tDCS set-ups: Evidence from individualized electric field mapping.

Objective: Electrode positioning errors contribute to variability of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effects. We investigated the impact of electrode positioning errors on current flow for tDCS set-ups with different focality.

Methods: Deviations from planned electrode positions were determined using data acquired in an experimental study (N = 240 datasets) that administered conventional and focal tDCS during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Outbreak of severe community-acquired bacterial infections among children in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany), October to December 2022.

Purpose: In late 2022, a surge of severe S. pyogenes infections was reported in several European countries. This study assessed hospitalizations and disease severity of community-acquired bacterial infections with S.

Differentiating between Acidic and Basic Surface Hydroxyls on Metal Oxides by Fluoride Substitution: A Case Study on Blue TiO from Laser Defect Engineering.

Both oxygen vacancies and surface hydroxyls play a crucial role in catalysis. Yet, their relationship is not often explored. Herein, we prepare two series of TiO (rutile and P25) with increasing oxygen deficiency and Ti concentration by pulsed laser defect engineering in liquid (PUDEL), and selectively quantify the acidic and basic surface OH by fluoride substitution.

Role of the right anterior insula for the emergence of flow-A combined task-based fMRI activation and connectivity study.

The emergence of flow is a situation of high salience because externally oriented attention on the task and access to resources for goal-directed behavior are enhanced, while internally oriented or self-related cognition is decreased. The right anterior insula has been reported as a causal out-flow hub of the salience resting-state network, orchestrating the engagement of the central executive network (CEN) and the disengagement of the default-mode network (DMN) during a functional challenge. In the present study, we employed a combined task-based activation and connectivity analysis to investigate the role of the right anterior insula during the emergence of flow.

Ozonation of carbamazepine in the presence of sulfur-dopped graphene: Effect of process parameters and formation of main transformation products.

The stability of graphene structure in sulfur-doped graphene catalyst is demonstrated to be a key aspect during the ozonation process. Enhancing the stability of the sulfur-doped graphene structure is therefore important to improve its catalytic activity during the ozonation process. However, this has remained a challenge so far.

Production of dendritic cell vaccines using different methods with equivalent results: Implications for emerging centers.

Introduction: Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines have demonstrated good efficacy in preventing relapse and in increasing survival of patients affected by a variety of both solid and hematological tumors. Most protocols used to generate these cells involve the automated separation of peripheral blood monocytes from patients. This approach requires specialized equipment, which elevates the cost of this type of therapy, potentially limiting the widespread access to patients.

Artemisinins induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in acute leukaemia cells in vitro and in vivo.

Loss of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis leads to ER stress, thus prolonged activation can lead to apoptosis. Herein, artesunate (ART) induced ER stress in leukaemia cells, resulting in eIF2α phosphorylation, activation of transcription factor 4, subsequent CHOP upregulation and XBP1 splicing. Furthermore, in vitro cyclin/CDKs reduction induced G1-phase arrest.

Lower expression of NOTCH components in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant patients.

Introduction: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) not only remains the main cause of late mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant, but also has the capacity of causing severe organ impairment in those who survive. The Notch, a highly conserved ligand-receptor pathway, is involved in many immunological processes, including inflammatory and regulatory responses. Recently, mouse models have shown that the blockage of canonical Notch signaling prevents GvHD.

Impact of the First COVID Lockdown on Accident- and Injury-Related Pediatric Intensive Care Admissions in Germany-A Multicenter Study.

Children's and adolescents' lives drastically changed during COVID lockdowns worldwide. To compare accident- and injury-related admissions to pediatric intensive care units (PICU) during the first German COVID lockdown with previous years, we conducted a retrospective multicenter study among 37 PICUs (21.5% of German PICU capacities).

Context-Aware Human Activity Recognition in Industrial Processes.

The automatic, sensor-based assessment of human activities is highly relevant for production and logistics, to optimise the economics and ergonomics of these processes. One challenge for accurate activity recognition in these domains is the of activities: Similar movements can correspond to different activities, depending on, e.g.

Expression of transforming growth factor β pathway components in chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD), an immunological complication of allogeneic cell transplantation, is the principal cause of non-relapse mortality and morbidity. Even though advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of this disorder, many questions remain. We sought to evaluate gene expression of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway components, through quantitative RT-PCR and PCR array, in patients with cGvHD with different disease activity.

Novel Non-Coding Transcript in Locus, LncNR4A3, Regulates RNA Processing Machinery Proteins and Expression.

is a key tumor suppressor in myeloid malignancy, mice lacking both and family member rapidly develop lethal acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We identified a long non-coding transcript in the locus and pursued the characterization of this anonymous transcript and the study of its role in leukemogenesis. We characterized this novel long non-coding transcript as a sense polyadenylated transcript.

LARa: Creating a Dataset for Human Activity Recognition in Logistics Using Semantic Attributes.

Optimizations in logistics require recognition and analysis of human activities. The potential of sensor-based human activity recognition (HAR) in logistics is not yet well explored. Despite a significant increase in HAR datasets in the past twenty years, no available dataset depicts activities in logistics.

LEF1-AS1, long non-coding RNA, inhibits proliferation in myeloid malignancy.

LEF1 antisense RNA 1 (LEF1-AS1) is an antisense long non-coding RNA encoded in the lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) locus. LEF1-AS1 is a conserved transcript dysregulated in hematopoiesis. This study aimed to functionally characterize the role of this transcript in myeloid malignancy and explore a possible regulatory effect of LEF1-AS1 upon LEF1.

BRD4 Inhibition Enhances Azacitidine Efficacy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell-based disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, increased genomic instability and a tendency to progress toward acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MDS and AML cells present genetic and epigenetic abnormalities and, due to the heterogeneity of these molecular alterations, the current treatment options remain unsatisfactory. Hypomethylating agents (HMA), especially azacitidine, are the mainstay of treatment for high-risk MDS patients and HMA are used in treating elderly AML.

The neural correlates of flow experience explored with transcranial direct current stimulation.

The experience of flow ensues when humans engage in a demanding task while task demands are balanced with the individual's level of skill or ability. Here, we further tested the hypothesis that the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) plays a causal role in mediating flow experience using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to interfere with MPFC's deactivation evoked by a flow paradigm and measured by magnetic resonance (MR)-based perfusion imaging. In a balanced, within-subjects repeated measure design, three treatments of tDCS (sham, anodal, cathodal) were applied in a sample of 22 healthy male participants.

Perinatal Lethal Gaucher Disease due to RecNcil Recombinant Mutation in the Gene Presenting with Hydrops Fetalis and Severe Congenital Anemia.

A 35-year-old woman presented at 27-week gestation with hypertension and pedal edema. Antenatal scan showed hydrops fetalis and growth restriction. Cordocentesis showed severe fetal anemia.

Anti-D in a mother, hemizygous for the variant RHD*DNB gene, associated with hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.

Background: Individuals with the partial D phenotype when exposed to D+ red blood cells (RBCs) carrying the epitopes they lack may develop anti-D specific for the missing epitopes. DNB is the most common partial D in Caucasians and the clinical significance for anti-D in these individuals is unknown.

Study Design And Methods: This article describes the serologic genotyping results and clinical manifestations in two group D+ babies of a mother presenting as group O, D+ with alloanti-D.