Butyrate increases cardiac output and causes vasorelaxation in a healthy porcine model.

Background: Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, has shown potential to improve left ventricular (LV) function and induce vasorelaxation in rodents. Butyrate may either be produced by the microbiome in the colon, be ingested or administered intravenously. This study aimed to evaluate effects of butyrate on cardiac output (CO) and associated hemodynamic variables in a porcine model.

Opportunities and barriers for promoting biodiversity in Danish beef production.

Grazing at near-natural stocking rates is increasingly rare, whereas abandonment and overgrazing is common, despite both leading to loss of threatened species. Here, we evaluate a biodiversity-promotion strategy of a beef-producing company involving livestock grazing for conservation. Using field surveys, a national biodiversity map, and farmer interviews, we evaluate the conservation potential of farmers committing to a conservation grazing scheme.

Activation of the Innate Immune System in Brain-Dead Donors Can Be Reduced by Luminal Intestinal Preservation During Organ Procurement Surgery - A Porcine Model.

Organs obtained from brain dead donors can have suboptimal outcomes. Activation of the innate immune system and translocation of intestinal bacteria could be causative. Thirty two pigs were assigned to control, brain death (BD), BD + luminal intestinal polyethylene glycol (PEG), and BD + luminal intestinal University of Wisconsin solution (UW) groups.

Ex Vivo Simultaneous HO Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Porcine Kidneys-A Feasibility Study.

Unlabelled: The aim was to establish combined HO PET/MRI during ex vivo normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) of isolated porcine kidneys. We examined whether changes in renal arterial blood flow (RABF) are accompanied by changes of a similar magnitude in renal blood perfusion (RBP) as well as the relation between RBP and renal parenchymal oxygenation (RPO).

Methods: Pig kidneys (n = 7) were connected to a NMP circuit.

Remote Tongue-based Control of a Wheelchair Mounted Assistive Robotic Manipulator and the Effect of Adaptive Semi-automation.

Increasing the independence of individuals with tetraplegia is a challenging task. One potential solution is to allow for use of an assistive robotic manipulator (ARM), when solving tasks in personal and remote space. There is a lack in available control interfaces that are suitable for severely disabled individuals.

Enantiomer-Specific Cardiovascular Effects of the Ketone Body 3-Hydroxybutyrate.

Background: The ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) increases cardiac output (CO) by 35% to 40% in healthy people and people with heart failure. The mechanisms underlying the effects of 3-OHB on myocardial contractility and loading conditions as well as the cardiovascular effects of its enantiomeric forms, D-3-OHB and L-3-OHB, remain undetermined.

Methods And Results: Three groups of 8 pigs each underwent a randomized, crossover study.

Lactate infusion elevates cardiac output through increased heart rate and decreased vascular resistance: a randomised, blinded, crossover trial in a healthy porcine model.

Background: Lactate is traditionally recognized as a by-product of anaerobic metabolism. However, lactate is a preferred oxidative substrate for stressed myocardium. Exogenous lactate infusion increases cardiac output (CO).

Effects of ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate on cardiac and mitochondrial function during donation after circulatory death heart transplantation.

Normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) allows assessment of therapeutic interventions prior to donation after circulatory death transplantation. Sodium-3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) increases cardiac output in heart failure patients and diminishes ischemia-reperfusion injury, presumably by improving mitochondrial metabolism. We investigated effects of 3-OHB on cardiac and mitochondrial function in transplanted hearts and in cardiac organoids.

Self-Supervised Masked Convolutional Transformer Block for Anomaly Detection.

Anomaly detection has recently gained increasing attention in the field of computer vision, likely due to its broad set of applications ranging from product fault detection on industrial production lines and impending event detection in video surveillance to finding lesions in medical scans. Regardless of the domain, anomaly detection is typically framed as a one-class classification task, where the learning is conducted on normal examples only. An entire family of successful anomaly detection methods is based on learning to reconstruct masked normal inputs (e.

Video Transformers: A Survey.

Transformer models have shown great success handling long-range interactions, making them a promising tool for modeling video. However, they lack inductive biases and scale quadratically with input length. These limitations are further exacerbated when dealing with the high dimensionality introduced by the temporal dimension.

The influence of landscape characteristics on breeding bird dark diversity.

The exploration of factors and processes affecting biodiversity loss is central to nature management and wildlife conservation, but only recently has knowledge about the absence of species been recognized as a valuable asset to understand the current biodiversity crisis. In this paper, we explore the dark diversity (species that belong to a site-specific species pool but that are not locally present) of breeding birds in Denmark assessed through species co-occurrence patterns. We apply a nation-wide atlas survey of breeding birds (with a 5 × 5 km resolution), to investigate how landscape characteristics may influence avian diversity, and whether threatened and near threatened species are more likely to occur in dark diversity than least concern (LC) species.

Relevance of the Viborg Population Based Screening Programme (VISP) for Cardiovascular Conditions Among 67 Year Olds: Attendance Rate, Prevalence, and Proportion of Initiated Cardiovascular Medicines Stratified By Sex.

Objective: To report sex specific overall attendance rate, prevalence of screen detected cardiovascular conditions, proportion of unknown conditions before screening, and proportion initiating prophylactic medicine among 67 year olds in Denmark.

Design: Cross sectional cohort study.

Methods: Since 2014, all 67 year olds in Viborg, Denmark, have been invited to screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), carotid plaque (CP), hypertension, cardiac disease, and type 2 diabetes.

Ex-situ oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion in donation after circulatory death heart transplantation following either direct procurement or in-situ normothermic regional perfusion.

Background: Heart transplantation in donation after circulatory death (DCD) relies on warm perfusion using either in situ normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) or ex situ normothermic machine perfusion. In this study, we explore an alternative: oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) using a novel clinically applicable perfusion system, which is compared to NRP with static cold storage (SCS).

Methods: In a porcine model, a DCD setting was simulated, followed by either (1) NRP and SCS (2) NRP and HMP with the XVIVO Heart preservation system or (3) direct procurement (DPP) and HMP.

Impact of sternotomy and pericardiotomy on cardiopulmonary haemodynamics in a large animal model.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Invasive cardiovascular instrumentation can occur through closed- or open-chest approaches. To what extent will sternotomy and pericardiotomy affect cardiopulmonary variables? What is the main finding and its importance? Opening of the thorax decreased mean systemic and pulmonary pressures. Left ventricular function improved, but no changes were observed in right ventricular systolic measures.

Protocol for a cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of general population screening for cardiovascular disease: the Viborg Screening Programme (VISP).

Introduction: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing. Furthermore, asymptomatic individuals may not receive timely preventive initiatives to minimise the risk of further CVD events. Paradoxically, 80% of CVD events are preventable by early detection, followed by prophylactic initiatives.

Climate-trait relationships exhibit strong habitat specificity in plant communities across Europe.

Ecological theory predicts close relationships between macroclimate and functional traits. Yet, global climatic gradients correlate only weakly with the trait composition of local plant communities, suggesting that important factors have been ignored. Here, we investigate the consistency of climate-trait relationships for plant communities in European habitats.

Machine learning in general practice: scoping review of administrative task support and automation.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to support general practice in the early detection of disease and treatment recommendations. However, AI systems aimed at alleviating time-consuming administrative tasks currently appear limited. This scoping review thus aims to summarize the research that has been carried out in methods of machine learning applied to the support and automation of administrative tasks in general practice.

Scrub encroachment promotes biodiversity in temperate European wetlands under eutrophic conditions.

Wetlands are important habitats, often threatened by drainage, eutrophication, and suppression of grazing. In many countries, considerable resources are spent combatting scrub encroachment. Here, we hypothesize that encroachment may benefit biodiversity-especially under eutrophic conditions where asymmetric competition among plants compromises conservation targets.

The impact of interdisciplinarity and user involvement on the design and usability of an assistive upper limb exoskeleton - a case study on the EXOTIC.

This study describes an interdisciplinary approach to develop a 5 degrees of freedom assistive upper limb exoskeleton (ULE) for users with severe to complete functional tetraplegia. Four different application levels were identified for the ULE ranging from basic technical application to interaction with users, interaction with caregivers and interaction with the society, each level posing requirements for the design and functionality of the ULE. These requirements were addressed through an interdisciplinary collaboration involving users, clinicians and researchers within social sciences and humanities, mechanical engineering, control engineering media technology and biomedical engineering.

User Based Development and Test of the EXOTIC Exoskeleton: Empowering Individuals with Tetraplegia Using a Compact, Versatile, 5-DoF Upper Limb Exoskeleton Controlled through Intelligent Semi-Automated Shared Tongue Control.

This paper presents the EXOTIC- a novel assistive upper limb exoskeleton for individuals with complete functional tetraplegia that provides an unprecedented level of versatility and control. The current literature on exoskeletons mainly focuses on the basic technical aspects of exoskeleton design and control while the context in which these exoskeletons should function is less or not prioritized even though it poses important technical requirements. We considered all sources of design requirements, from the basic technical functions to the real-world practical application.

Clamping of the Aortic Arch Vessels During Normothermic Regional Perfusion Does Not Negatively Affect Donor Cardiac Function in Donation After Circulatory Death.

Background: The hemodynamic effects of aortic arch vessel (AAV) clamping during normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) in donation after circulatory death is unknown. We investigated effects of AAV clamping during NRP compared with no clamping in a porcine model.

Methods: In 16 pigs, hemodynamic parameters were recorded including biventricular pressure-volume measurements and invasive blood pressure.

Anomaly Detection for Agricultural Vehicles Using Autoencoders.

The safe in-field operation of autonomous agricultural vehicles requires detecting all objects that pose a risk of collision. Current vision-based algorithms for object detection and classification are unable to detect unknown classes of objects. In this paper, the problem is posed as anomaly detection instead, where convolutional autoencoders are applied to identify any objects deviating from the normal pattern.