Publications by authors named "Niels Vejlstrup"

Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) shows promise in assessing the mechanofunctional properties of the heart but faces clinical challenges, mainly synchronization with cardiac cycle, breathing, and external harmonic stimulation.

Purpose: To determine the reproducibility of in vivo cardiac multifrequency MRE (MMRE) for assessing diastolic left ventricular (LV) stiffness and viscosity.

Study Type: Prospective.

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Article Synopsis
  • Objective
  • : The study aimed to investigate the link between maternal diabetes during pregnancy and subtle changes in the heart structure and function of infants, specifically looking at the effects of both preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
  • Methods
  • : Researchers analyzed data from 25,486 infants who underwent heart ultrasound within their first two months. They used linear regression to evaluate differences in heart measurements between infants exposed to maternal diabetes and those who were not.
  • Results
  • : Infants whose mothers had preexisting diabetes showed significant changes like thicker heart walls, smaller heart dimensions, lower blood flow, and faster heart rates compared to unexposed infants. Those born to mothers with GDM had similar,
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Background: Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is recommended as the first-line diagnostic imaging modality in low-to-intermediate-risk individuals suspected of stable coronary artery disease (CAD). However, CCTA exposes patients to ionizing radiation and potentially nephrotoxic contrast agents. Invasive coronary angiography is the gold-standard investigation to guide coronary revascularisation strategy; however, invasive procedures incur an inherent risk to the patient.

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In patients previously hospitalised for COVID-19, a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention has previously been shown to increase left ventricular mass (LVM) immediately after the intervention. In the present study, we examined the effects of the same HIIT scheme on LVM, pulmonary diffusing capacity, symptom severity and functional capacity at 12-month follow-up. In this investigator-blinded, randomised controlled trial, 12 weeks of a supervised HIIT scheme (4 × 4 min, three times a week) was compared to standard care (control) in patients recently discharged from hospital due to COVID-19.

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Importance: In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), acute inflammation is related to the extent of myocardial damage and may increase infarct size. Thus, administration of pulse-dose glucocorticoid in the very early phase of infarction may reduce infarct size.

Objective: To determine the cardioprotective effect of prehospital pulse-dose glucocorticoid in patients with STEMI.

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Article Synopsis
  • Membranopathies include blood disorders caused by genetic changes in red blood cell membrane proteins, with hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis being key examples, while CDA II shows similar symptoms.
  • Mitapivat, a new drug that activates pyruvate kinase, has shown promise in raising hemoglobin levels and reducing blood cell breakdown in various diseases and is being tested in a trial with around 25 adults who have membranopathies or CDA II.
  • The SATISFY trial aims to determine the safety and effectiveness of mitapivat over an 8-week period, with a focus on measuring its impact on hemoglobin, hemolysis, and patient-reported outcomes.
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The prevalence of interatrial communications in newborns, i.e., patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect, was previously reported to be between 24 and 92%, but the area has been impeded by lack of a universal classification method.

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Background: Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is characterized by excessive trabeculations of the left ventricular (LV) wall.

Objectives: The authors aimed to examine changes in LV function and morphology in 2 to 4-year-old children with and without LVNC at birth and to describe the prevalence of LVNC in first-degree relatives.

Methods: Echocardiograms in children with and without LVNC (matched 1:4) were performed at 2 to 4 years and in first-degree relatives.

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Introduction: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is one of the most common congenital heart defects. We aimed to determine the prevalence of VSD in a population-based cohort of newborns and assess the rate of spontaneous closure during the first 12 months of life.

Methods: The Copenhagen Baby Heart Study (CBHS) is a population-based cohort study, including more than 25,000 newborns born in the greater Copenhagen area.

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Objective: To examine the feasibility and performance of implementing a standardized fetal cardiac scan at the time of a routine first-trimester ultrasound scan.

Method: A retrospective, single-center study in an unselected population between March 2021 and July 2022. A standardized cardiac scan protocol consisting of a four-chamber and 3-vessel trachea view with color Doppler was implemented as part of the routine first-trimester scan.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how sex and age affect myocardial tissue composition in healthy individuals using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) native T1 mapping.
  • Results show that females have higher native T1 values compared to males, indicating intrinsic differences in myocardial tissue.
  • Age does not appear to influence native T1 values, and there is no interaction effect between sex and age on myocardial tissue composition.
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Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has endocrine and paracrine functions and has been associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between EAT, determined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), and incident atrial fibrillation (AF) following long-term continuous heart rhythm monitoring by implantable loop recorder (ILR). This study is a sub-study of the LOOP study.

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Background: Metabolic effects of empagliflozin treatment include lowered glucose and insulin concentrations, elevated free fatty acids and ketone bodies and have been suggested to contribute to the cardiovascular benefits of empagliflozin treatment, possibly through an improved cardiac function. We aimed to evaluate the influence of these metabolic changes on cardiac function in patients with T2D.

Methods: In a randomized cross-over design, the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (E) was compared with insulin (I) treatment titrated to the same level of glycemic control in 17 patients with type 2 diabetes, BMI of > 28 kg/m, C-peptide > 500 pM.

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Background: Robust data on changes in pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) procedural volume and predictors of bioprosthetic pulmonary valve (BPV) durability in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) are scarce.

Objectives: This study sought to assess temporal trends in PVR procedural volume and BPV durability in a nationwide, retrospective TOF cohort.

Methods: Data were obtained from patient records.

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Background: Inflammation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an important contributor to both acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methylprednisolone is a glucocorticoid with potent anti-inflammatory properties with an acute effect and is used as an effective and safe treatment of a wide range of acute diseases. The trial aims to investigate the cardioprotective effects of pulse-dose methylprednisolone administered in the pre-hospital setting in patients with STEMI transferred for primary PCI.

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As a result of epigenetic changes, children conceived by assisted reproduction may be at risk of premature cardiovascular aging with notably increased blood pressures. Their cardiovascular autonomic nervous function is unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the cardiovascular autonomic nervous function in 8-12-yr-old children (51% girls) conceived naturally ( = 33) or by assisted reproduction with frozen ( = 34) or fresh ( = 38) embryo transfer by evaluating heart rate variability, during rest; from provocation maneuvers; and from baroreflex function.

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(1) Background: To investigate how food intake and preload augmentation affect the cardiac output (CO) and volumes of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) assessed using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE). (2) Methods: Eighty-two subjects with ( = 40) and without ( = 42) cardiac disease were assessed using both CMR and TTE immediately before and after a fast infusion of 2 L isotonic saline. Half of the population had a meal during saline infusion (food/fluid), and the other half were kept fasting (fasting/fluid).

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Introduction: Prediction of recurrent ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in survivors of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is important, but currently difficult. Risk of recurrence may be related to presence of myocardial scarring assessed with late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR). Our study aims to characterize myocardial scarring as defined by LGE-CMR in survivors of a VA-OHCA and investigate its potential role in the risk of new VA events.

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A large proportion of patients suffer from a persistent reduction in cardiorespiratory fitness after recovery from COVID-19, of which the effects on the heart may potentially be reversed through the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). In the present study, we hypothesized that HIIT would increase left ventricular mass (LVM) and improve functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals previously hospitalized for COVID-19. In this investigator-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 12 wk of supervised HIIT (4 × 4 min, three times a week) was compared with standard care (control) in individuals recently discharged from hospital due to COVID-19.

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Atrial septal defect (ASD) is characterized by a left-to-right shunt causing dilatation of the right atrium and right ventricle as well as pulmonary hyperperfusion. The detection of ASDs often occurs late in childhood or adulthood. Little is known about cardiac structure and function in neonates with ASD.

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Background: The ductus arteriosus is part of the fetal circulation. Normally, the vessel closes during the cardiac transition. Delayed closure is associated with complications.

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Background: In pediatric echocardiography, reference intervals are required to distinguish normal variation from pathology. Left ventricular (LV) parameters are particularly important predictors of clinical outcome. However, data from healthy newborns are limited, and current reference intervals provide an inadequate approximation of normal reference ranges.

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A 70-year-old man with history of transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve implantation was admitted because of suspected infective endocarditis (IE). Transesophageal echocardiogram did not reveal any vegetations, as the metallic stent frames caused significant artifacts. Position emission tomography was also negative.

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Introduction: The chronic inflammatory state in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) augments the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) playing a vital role. Consequently, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) may attenuate that risk. IL-6 is also a myokine, secreted from exercising skeletal muscles, where IL-6 exhibits anti-inflammatory effects that may ameliorate the risk of CVD.

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