A Case of Penile Metastasis from Prostate Cancer, Identified by Ga-PSMA PET/CT, Mimicking Peyronie's Disease: A Diagnostic Challenge.

A 70-year-old man with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) received radiation therapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The patient developed penile tenderness, compatible with Peyronie's disease upon physical examination. An ultrasound revealed a matching hypoechoic plaque and a thrombus in the vena dorsalis profunda, which were treated with anticoagulants.

Active Surveillance Versus Radical Prostatectomy in Favorable-risk Localized Prostate Cancer.

Background: Active surveillance (AS) and radical prostatectomy (RP) are both accepted treatments for men with favorable-risk localized prostate cancer (PCa) (ie, clinical tumor category 1-2b, Gleason Grade Group 1-2, and prostate-specific antigen < 20 ng/mL). However, head-to-head studies comparing oncologic outcomes and survival between these 2 treatment strategies are warranted. The objective of this study was to compare the use of prostate cancer treatments and PCa death in men managed on AS and men who underwent immediate RP.

Ga-PSMA PET/CT compared with MRI/CT and diffusion-weighted MRI for primary lymph node staging prior to definitive radiotherapy in prostate cancer: a prospective diagnostic test accuracy study.

Background: The aim was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of Ga-PSMA PET/CT with conventional cross-sectional imaging and diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) for detecting lymph node metastasis (LNM) to stage prostate cancer patients. Twenty consecutive, newly- diagnosed prostate cancer patients were prospectively enrolled and underwent Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, anatomical MRI or contrast-enhanced CT, and DW-MRI prior to laparoscopic, template-based, extended lymph node dissection. Histopathological findings served as the reference test.

No Added Value of F-Sodium Fluoride PET/CT for the Detection of Bone Metastases in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer with Normal Bone Scintigraphy.

The aim of this study was to determine if additional F-sodium fluoride PET/CT (NaF PET/CT) improves the prognostic accuracy in the initial staging of prostate cancer patients with normal bone scintigraphy undergoing prostatectomy. A prospective cohort study examined NaF PET/CT in intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer with negative bone scintigraphy who were scheduled for prostatectomy. Biochemical response: PSA levels < 0.

Prostate zonal segmentation in 1.5T and 3T T2W MRI using a convolutional neural network.

Zonal segmentation of the prostate gland using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is clinically important for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and image-guided treatments. A two-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the U-net architecture was evaluated for segmentation of the central gland (CG) and peripheral zone (PZ) using a dataset of 40 patients (34 PCa positive and 6 PCa negative) scanned on two different MRI scanners (1.5T GE and 3T Siemens).

Phase III Trial of PROSTVAC in Asymptomatic or Minimally Symptomatic Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: PROSTVAC, a viral vector-based immunotherapy, prolonged median overall survival (OS) by 8.5 months versus placebo in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in a phase II study. This phase III study further investigated those findings.

Assessment of prostate cancer prognostic Gleason grade group using zonal-specific features extracted from biparametric MRI using a KNN classifier.

Purpose: To automatically assess the aggressiveness of prostate cancer (PCa) lesions using zonal-specific image features extracted from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and T2W MRI.

Methods: Region of interest was extracted from DWI (peripheral zone) and T2W MRI (transitional zone and anterior fibromuscular stroma) around the center of 112 PCa lesions from 99 patients. Image histogram and texture features, 38 in total, were used together with a k-nearest neighbor classifier to classify lesions into their respective prognostic Grade Group (GG) (proposed by the International Society of Urological Pathology 2014 consensus conference).

Active Surveillance for Localized Prostate Cancer: Nationwide Observational Study.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate nationwide survival outcomes in men with localized prostate cancer managed on active surveillance.

Materials And Methods: A total of 936 men with localized prostate cancer were initiated on active surveillance in Denmark in 2002 to 2012. Kaplan-Meier estimated curative treatment-free, hormonal therapy-free, castration resistant prostate cancer-free and cause specific survival was calculated.

68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in Patients With Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer: A Prospective, 2-Center Study.

Purpose Of The Report: The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the detection rate of Ga-PSMA PET/CT in biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer and its impact on patient management.

Materials And Methods: Patients with BCR after curatively intended treatment of prostate cancer were included. Each patient underwent a Ga-PSMA PET/CT.

Prospective comparison of Ga-PSMA PET/CT, F-sodium fluoride PET/CT and diffusion weighted-MRI at for the detection of bone metastases in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer.

Purpose: To prospectively compare diagnostic accuracies for detection of bone metastases by Ga-PSMA PET/CT, F-NaF PET/CT and diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR).

Methods: Sixty-eight PCa patients with BCR participated in this prospective study. The patients underwent Ga-PSMA PET/CT, a F-NaF PET/CT and a DW-MRI (performed in accordance with European Society of Urogenital Radiology guidelines, with b values of 0 and 600 s/mm).

Prospective comparative study of F-sodium fluoride PET/CT and planar bone scintigraphy for treatment response assessment of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer.

Aim: To compare F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography (NaF PET/CT) and Tc-labelled diphosphonate bone scan (BS) for the monitoring of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer undergoing anti-cancer treatment.

Material And Methods: Data from 64 patients with prostate cancer were included. The patients received androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), next-generation hormonal therapy (NGH) or chemotherapy.

Diagnostic test accuracy study of F-sodium fluoride PET/CT, Tc-labelled diphosphonate SPECT/CT, and planar bone scintigraphy for diagnosis of bone metastases in newly diagnosed, high-risk prostate cancer.

The aim of this study was to prospectively compare planar, bone scan (BS) versus SPECT/CT and NaF PET/CT in detecting bone metastases in prostate cancer. Thirty-seven consecutive, newly diagnosed, prostate cancer patients with prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels ≥ 50 ng/mL and who were considered eligible for androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) were included in this study. BS, SPECT/CT, and NaF PET/CT, were performed prior to treatment and were repeated after six months of ADT.

A Comprehensive Safety Evaluation of 68Ga-Labeled Ligand Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen 11 PET/CT in Prostate Cancer: The Results of 2 Prospective, Multicenter Trials.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical safety profile of the Ga-PSMA-11 ligand for PET/CT imaging in prospective clinical trials.

Methods: Eighty-eight patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent prostate cancer participated in 2 prospective trials. Safety reporting was identical in the 2 trials.

(18)F-fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography and bone scintigraphy for diagnosis of bone metastases in newly diagnosed, high-risk prostate cancer patients: study protocol for a multicentre, diagnostic test accuracy study.

Background: For decades, planar bone scintigraphy has been the standard practice for detection of bone metastases in prostate cancer and has been endorsed by recent oncology/urology guidelines. It is a sensitive method with modest specificity. (18)F-fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography has shown improved sensitivity and specificity over bone scintigraphy, but because of methodological issues such as retrospective design and verification bias, the existing level of evidence with (18)F-fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography is limited.

Length of life gained with surgical treatment of prostate cancer: A population-based analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse relative survival, excess mortality and gain in life expectancy in men who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate cancer (PCa) between 1995 and 2011 in Denmark.

Material And Methods: The study population comprised the complete cohort of 6489 men who underwent RP between 1995 and 2011. Risk of mortality was calculated using a competing risk model.

[Prevention of skeletal related events in patients with bone metastases from solid tumours].

This article is based on a systematic literature search and meta-analyses of clinical data regarding effects of bisphosphonates (BP) and denosumab (DS) on preventing skeletal related events (SRE) in patients with bone metastases from solid tumours. Although there are pharmacological differences between the different types of BP no major differences were observed between BP in preventing SRE or in adverse events. Treatment with DS has in three randomised trials showed a greater effect than BP in preventing SRE.

[Scrotal Paget's disease].

A patient with extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) had a plaque of the scrotum surgically removed. Histology and immunohistochemistry was consistent with primary EMPD. EMPD is a rare intraepidermal neoplasia mostly confined to regions of the skin with apocrine sweat glands.

MRI target delineation may reduce long-term toxicity after prostate radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Aiming for minimal toxicity after radical prostate cancer (PC) radiotherapy (RT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) target delineation could be a possible benefit knowing that clinical target volumes (CTV) are up to 30% smaller, when CTV delineation on MRI is compared to standard computed tomography (CT). This study compares long-term toxicity using CT or MRI delineation before PC RT.

Material And Methods: Urinary and rectal toxicity assessments 36 months after image-guided RT (78 Gy) using CTC-AE scores in two groups of PC patients.

Changes in preoperative characteristics in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy--a 16-year nationwide analysis.

Background: The Danish attitude for diagnosis and treatment of early localized prostate cancer (PCa) has historically been conservative. Denmark introduced radical prostatectomy (RP) as the last of the Nordic countries in 1995. However, a rapid increment in the Danish incidence of PCa is indicative of a shift in attitude with increasing opportunistic PSA testing.

Survival after radical prostatectomy for clinically localised prostate cancer: a population-based study.

Objectives: To describe survival and cause of death in a nationwide cohort of Danish patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). To describe risk factors associated with prostate cancer mortality.

Patients And Methods: Observational study of 6489 men with localised prostate cancer treated with RP at six different hospitals in Denmark between 1995 and 2011.

[Penile cysts].

Penile cysts are rare. In the literature, epidermoid cysts of the penis are a well-described entity. Here we describe a 21-year-old male who presented with a simple cyst on the dorsal aspect of the prepuce.

Pseudosarcomatous fibromyxoid tumor of the prostate.

A very rare case of benign infravesical obstruction due to a pseudosarcomatous fibromyxoid tumor of the prostate is presented. This entity is clinically and histologically difficult to distinguish from a malignant lesion. A discussion of the histopathological features and a review of the literature is given.