Reference Values for TSH and Free Thyroid Hormones in Healthy Pregnant Women in Poland: A Prospective, Multicenter Study.

Objectives: The diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases in pregnant women remains a challenge. Various medical associations recommend establishing the reference intervals for thyroid hormones by a local laboratory. Considering differences within geophysical, socioeconomic conditions, and iodine prophylaxis in various populations, it is advisable to assess reference intervals for thyroid hormones specific to a region of residence.

What is the public appetite for healthy eating policies? Evidence from a cross-European survey.

World Health Organization estimates that obesity accounts for 2-8% of health care costs in different parts of Europe, and highlights a key role for national policymaking in curbing the epidemic. A variety of healthy-eating policy instruments are available, ranging from more paternalistic policies to those less intrusive. Our aim is to measure and explain the level of public support for different types of healthy eating policy in Europe, based on data from a probabilistic sample of 3003 respondents in five European countries.

Is there the gap in public health literature in Europe?

Introduction And Objective: The growing expectations for the effectiveness of public health increase the demand for scientific literature, concerning research, reviews and other forms of information. The bibliographic databases are of crucial importance for researchers and policy makers. The objective of this study is to estimate the supply of scientific literature related to public health in selected European countries, which are available to a wide range of users.

Vitamin D insufficiency in healthy pregnant women living in Warsaw.

Background/objectives: Ensuring the optimal level of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (250HD) in serum (concentration above 30 ng/ml) is essential for protecting the health of the mother and the developing fetus. Vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining proper bone structure, preventing infections, reducing the risk of premature birth and gestational diabetes. The aim of the study was to verify whether healthy pregnant residents of Warsaw were deficient in vitamin D.

[Iodine supply and thyroid function in the group of healthy pregnant women living in Warsaw].

Unlabelled: Iodine deficiency and thyroid gland disorders are especially harmful for pregnant women and normal fetal development. After initiation in 1997 of obligatory iodine prophylaxis, Poland has been found since 2003 a country with sufficient delivery of this microelement. However, in the population of pregnant women, slight deficiency of this element still exists.

[Assessment of neuropeptide Y, leptin and leptin-receptor concentrations in teenagers suffering from anorexia nervosa].

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is the third most common chronic disorder affecting adolescents and is associated with high mortality risk. The predominant symptom of anorexia nervosa is persistent and intentional striving to achieve weight loss initiated and/or sustained by the patient, leading to cachexia. Until now the cause of the condition remains unknown, but seems to be multifactoral.

Management of a large splenic cyst in pregnancy--a case report.

Splenic cysts in pregnancy are an extremely rare disorder and to date only seven such cases have been reported in literature. The consensus for the management of pregnant patients with splenic cysts is therefore yet to be established. A 25-year old nullipara with a large (10 cm in diameter) splenic cyst located in the upper pole and the hilum was qualified for surgery in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Policies to promote healthy eating in Europe: a structured review of policies and their effectiveness.

This review provides a classification of public policies to promote healthier eating as well as a structured mapping of existing measures in Europe. Complete coverage of alternative policy types was ensured by complementing the review with a selection of major interventions from outside Europe. Under the auspices of the Seventh Framework Programme's Eatwell Project, funded by the European Commission, researchers from five countries reviewed a representative selection of policy actions based on scientific papers, policy documents, grey literature, government websites, other policy reviews, and interviews with policy-makers.

Lessons for public health campaigns from analysing commercial food marketing success factors: a case study.

Background: Commercial food marketing has considerably shaped consumer food choice behaviour. Meanwhile, public health campaigns for healthier eating have had limited impact to date. Social marketing suggests that successful commercial food marketing campaigns can provide useful lessons for public sector activities.

Assessment of evaluations made to healthy eating policies in Europe: a review within the EATWELL Project.

Objective: To identify and assess healthy eating policies at national level which have been evaluated in terms of their impact on awareness of healthy eating, food consumption, health outcome or cost/benefit.

Design: Review of policy documents and their evaluations when available.

Setting: European Member States.

Competence profile of an in-house educator of professionals providing elderly care (ComPro project).

Background: The main goal of the study, conducted within the multicenter ComPro project (Competence Profiles for Learning Supporters in Elderly Care) and funded by the Leonardo da Vinci Programme in 2006-2008, was to define the competences profile of a person responsible for the inhouse education of professionals caring for the elderly persons in social care institutions.

Methods: The qualitative (3 focus group interviews) and quantitative (the KODE®X questionnaire) approach was used to study opinions of 106 care professionals and 39 managers in social care institutions, and 35 teachers in vocational schools for workers in social care about desired competences of an in-house educator.

Results: The factor analysis with Varimax rotation performed separately for each group of surveyed professionals showed 4 factors in each, which had different components with the highest correlation rates.

Interventions to promote healthy eating habits: evaluation and recommendations.

Although in several EU Member States many public interventions have been running for the prevention and/or management of obesity and other nutrition-related health conditions, few have yet been formally evaluated. The multidisciplinary team of the EATWELL project will gather benchmark data on healthy eating interventions in EU Member States and review existing information on the effectiveness of interventions using a three-stage procedure (i) Assessment of the intervention's impact on consumer attitudes, consumer behaviour and diets; (ii) The impact of the change in diets on obesity and health and (iii) The value attached by society to these changes, measured in life years gained, cost savings and quality-adjusted life years. Where evaluations have been inadequate, EATWELL will gather secondary data and analyse them with a multidisciplinary approach incorporating models from the psychology and economics disciplines.

The impact of muscle training by Kotz phasal currents on increased strength and mass of the medial head of the quadriceps muscle of the thigh in patients with degenerative disease of the femoropatellar joint.

Background. This article presents the results of research on the impact of muscle training using Kotz phasal currents on rehabilitation outcome in patients with degenerative disease of the femoropatellar joint.
Material and methods.

Barriers to evidence-based decision making among Polish healthcare managers.

The 1999 reform of the Polish healthcare system revealed deficiencies in the research base and a lack of organized systems of information provision. Professionals who most need effective information systems are policymakers and healthcare managers. The main aim of the described study was to obtain data describing the needs, preferences and limitations of healthcare managers as information users, and to identify environmental factors influencing their information behaviour.