The potential impact of advanced footwear technology on the recent evolution of elite sprint performances.

Background: Elite track and field sprint performances have reached a point of stability as we near the limits of human physiology, and further significant improvements may require technological intervention. Following the widely reported performance benefits of new advanced footwear technology (AFT) in road-running events, similar innovations have since been applied to sprint spikes in hope of providing similar performance enhancing benefits. However, it is not yet clear based on current evidence whether there have been subsequent improvements in sprint performance.

Multiclonal human origin and global expansion of an endemic bacterial pathogen of livestock.

Most new pathogens of humans and animals arise via switching events from distinct host species. However, our understanding of the evolutionary and ecological drivers of successful host adaptation, expansion, and dissemination are limited. is a major bacterial pathogen of humans and a leading cause of mastitis in dairy cows worldwide.

Bovine milk somatic cell transcriptomic response to Staphylococcus aureus is dependent on strain genotype.

Background: Mastitis is an economically important disease of dairy cows with Staphylococcus aureus a major cause worldwide. Challenge of Holstein-Friesian cows demonstrated that S. aureus strain MOK124, which belongs to Clonal Complex (CC)151, caused clinical mastitis, while strain MOK023, belonging to CC97, caused mild or subclinical mastitis.

Timing of Transcriptomic Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Responses of Sheep to Infection Differs From Those of Cattle, Reflecting Different Disease Phenotypes.

Infection with the zoonotic trematode , common in many regions with a temperate climate, leads to delayed growth and loss of productivity in cattle, while infection in sheep can have more severe effects, potentially leading to death. Previous transcriptomic analyses revealed upregulation of , cell death and Toll-like receptor signalling, T-cell activation, and inhibition of nitric oxide production in macrophages in response to infection. However, the differences between ovine and bovine responses have not yet been explored.

Impact of engagement factors on nurses' intention to leave hospital employment.

Aim: To determine the impact of workforce engagement factors on nurses' intention to leave their hospital.

Background: Nurse retention is important for safe patient care. It is unknown whether meaning and joy in work, occupational fatigue, job satisfaction and unprofessional behaviour experiences predict hospital nurse turnover intentions.

Clinical presentation and immune characteristics in first-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows following intramammary infection with genotypically distinct Staphylococcus aureus strains.

Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of bovine mastitis, and intramammary infections caused by this pathogen are often characterized as mild, chronic, or persistent. The strains of Staph. aureus associated with mastitis belong to several distinct bovine-adapted bacterial lineages.

Numerical Studies of the Viscosity of Reacting Polyurethane Foam with Experimental Validation.

Products made of polyurethane foam are manufactured by the chemical reaction of various low-viscosity raw materials and additives. The diversity of different formulations to meet the requirements of the market makes the characterization of their processing and flow properties important for a simple and error-free production. The modeling and simulation of such processes are equally of great importance.

The in vitro host cell immune response to bovine-adapted Staphylococcus aureus varies according to bacterial lineage.

Mastitis is the most economically important disease affecting dairy cattle worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus is a highly prevalent cause of mastitis, causing infections ranging from sub-clinical to gangrenous. However, the interaction between the genotype of the infecting strain of S.

Computational Analysis of Nonuniform Expansion in Polyurethane Foams.

This paper computationally investigates heterogeneity in the distribution of foam fraction in chemically expanding blown polyurethane foam. The experimentally observed disparity in the volumes of expanded foam when an equal mass of the foaming mixture was injected into tubes of different dimensions motivated this study. To understand this phenomenon, attributed to local variations in the thermal and rheological properties of the expanding system, we explore available data from free-rise foam-expansion experiments in different geometries.

EHS matrix incubated in media containing penicillin retains sufficient concentrations of antibiotic to inhibit growth of susceptible microorganisms.

In studying the interaction between bacteria and host cells in vitro, the latter are frequently cultured on commercially available biotic matrices such as Matrigel® or Geltrex®. To avoid contamination, host cells are commonly grown in the presence of antibiotics. However, we present here the finding that cell culture on such a matrix in the presence of antibiotics interferes with the outcome of subsequent infection experiments by virtue of diminished bacterial survival.