Real-World Survival Outcomes in Patients with Different Types of Cancer Managed with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now standard of care in systemic treatment for many types of metastatic cancer, often together with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Monitoring of treatment efficacy against clinical trial benchmarks in real-world populations and subgroups such as elderly patients is necessary. Based on the results of a previous study, we evaluated age-related survival differences in a larger cohort.

Ongoing prospective studies on reirradiation: A systematic review of a clinical trials database.

Introduction: Reirradiation has gained increasing interest, as advances in systemic therapy increase the survival of patients with cancer, and modern radiation techniques allow more precise treatments. However, high-quality prospective evidence on the safety and efficacy of reirradiation to guide clinical practice remains scarce. This systematic review evaluates ongoing prospective studies on reirradiation to identify research gaps and priorities.

Stereotactic radiotherapy for patients with bone metastases: a selected group with low rate of radiation treatment during the last month of life?

Background: Complex high-precision radiotherapy, such as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), should only be offered to patients with sufficiently long survival. In the context of bone metastases radiotherapy, low rates of treatment close to the end of life, e.g.

Return to work in younger patients with brain metastases who survived for 2 years or more.

Purpose: The study's purpose was to analyze return to work and other long-term outcomes in younger patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases, treated before they reached legal retirement age, i.e. younger than 65 years.

Palliative Radiation Treatment in Patients Managed With Advanced/Interventional Pain Therapy such as Pump-delivered Continuous Opioids.

Background/aim: The study aim was to analyze the feasibility and efficacy of palliative radiotherapy in patients receiving advanced/interventional pain therapy, such as epidural or spinal anesthesia or subcutaneous pump delivery of opioids. Endpoints such as pain relief, treatment in the last month of life and survival were evaluated.

Patients And Methods: Different baseline parameters including but not limited to age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) were assessed.

Development of brain metastases in patients managed with non-curative thoracic radiotherapy for stage II/III non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: This retrospective study analyzed the incidence of subsequent brain metastases after palliative radiotherapy or chemoradiation in patients with stage II/III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Risk factors for brain metastases development and survival after diagnosis were evaluated.

Methods: Different baseline parameters including but not limited to age, stage and target volume size were assessed.

Return to Work After Breast Cancer Treatment: An Electronic Health Record-based Study in North Norway.

Background/aim: Breast cancer treatment may interfere with work ability. Previous return-to-work studies have often focused on participants who were invited to participate after treatment completion. Participation varied, resulting in potential selection bias.

Online sexual violence prevention on a female college campus in India: Evaluation of the RISE-ON program.

Background: Sexual violence represents a severe problem for young Indian women and requires effective prevention. Since face-to-face prevention programs are limited in reach, we developed the online sexual violence prevention program RISE-ON consisting of three modules, namely Gender, Sexual Violence, and Bystander Education. The study's objective is to investigate the short-term effects of the RISE-ON modules on participants' knowledge and attitudes.

Comprehensive Analysis of Blood Test Results Predicting Prognosis in Patients Undergoing Whole-brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases.

Background/aim: Blood tests, such as those included in the validated LabBM score (laboratory parameters in patients with brain metastases) predict survival after treatment of brain metastases. The model incorporates five test results [serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, platelets and hemoglobin]. However, many other abnormalities, albeit less well-studied, may be present in patients with metastatic cancer.

Survival after docetaxel for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in a rural health care setting.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate overall survival of men who received systemic therapy with docetaxel for metastatic castration- resistant prostate cancer (MCRPC) in rural Nordland County, Norway. Prognostic factors related to treatment and other variables were evaluated.

Material And Methods: Overall, 132 pa- tients were included in this retrospective study covering the years 2009-2022.

Factors Associated With Prescription of Systemic Therapy in Real-world Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer Managed in a Rural Region.

Background/aim: Numerous new treatment options have been approved for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in the last decade. Nevertheless, not all patients receive systemic therapy. Certain patients present with very advanced disease, poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), or severe comorbidity, i.

Testing sea urchin and green sea turtle consumption of the allelopathic macroalga .

is a partially calcified macroalga that hampers coral recruitment, growth, and recovery via the excretion of allelopathic secondary metabolites. Herbivorous fishes are not major consumers of spp. and there is a need to understand feeding preferences for in other macroherbivores, like sea urchins and green sea turtles that could act as potential controlling agents.

Patient-reported symptoms before adjuvant locoregional radiotherapy for breast cancer: triple-negative histology impacts the symptom burden.

Background: Multimodal breast cancer treatment may cause side effects reflected in patient-reported outcomes and/or symptom scores at the time of treatment planning for adjuvant radiotherapy. In our department, all patients have been assessed with the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS; a questionnaire addressing 11 major symptoms and wellbeing on a numeric scale of 0-10) at the time of treatment planning since 2016. In this study, we analyzed ESAS symptom severity before locoregional radiotherapy.

Sex Differences in Presentation, Treatment, and Survival in Patients Receiving Palliative (Chemo)Radiotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to analyze sex differences in a real-world cohort of patients who received palliative thoracic radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer.

Patients And Methods: Retrospectively, baseline, treatment, toxicity, and survival data from a single institution were analyzed. The study included 181 patients (82 females, 99 males).

Re-irradiation in clinical practice: Results of an international patterns of care survey within the framework of the ESTRO-EORTC E-RADIatE platform.

Background: Re-irradiation is an increasingly utilized treatment for recurrent, metastatic or new malignancies after previous radiotherapy. It is unclear how re-irradiation is applied in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate the patterns of care of re-irradiation internationally.

Comparison of acoustic particle acceleration detection capabilities in three shark species.

Behavioural studies have shown that sharks are capable of directional orientation to sound. However, only one previous experiment addresses the physiological mechanisms of directional hearing in sharks. Here, we used a directional shaker table in combination with the auditory evoked potential (AEP) technique to understand the broadscale directional hearing capabilities in the New Zealand carpet shark (Cephaloscyllium isabellum), rig shark (Mustelus lenticulatus) and school shark (Galeorhinus galeus).

How we treat octogenarians with brain metastases.

Biologically younger, fully independent octogenarians are able to tolerate most oncological treatments. Increasing frailty results in decreasing eligibility for certain treatments, e.g.

Prospective randomized clinical studies involving reirradiation: update of a systematic review.

Background: Reirradiation is a potentially useful option for many patients with recurrent cancer, aiming at cure or symptom palliation, depending on disease/recurrence type and stage. The purpose of this follow-up study to a previous review from 2016 was to summarize all recently published randomized trials. Points of interest again included identifcation of methodological strengths and weaknesses, practice-changing results, and open questions.

Comparison of auditory evoked potential thresholds in three shark species.

Auditory sensitivity measurements have been published for only 12 of the more than 1150 extant species of elasmobranchs (sharks, skates and rays). Thus, there is a need to further understand sound perception in more species from different ecological niches. In this study, the auditory evoked potential (AEP) technique was used to compare hearing abilities of the bottom-dwelling New Zealand carpet shark (Cephaloscyllium isabellum) and two benthopelagic houndsharks (Triakidae), the rig (Mustelus lenticulatus) and the school shark (Galeorhinus galeus).

PRO: Do We Still Need Whole-Brain Irradiation for Brain Metastases?

(1) Background: In recent decades, the use of whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) in the treatment of brain metastases has significantly decreased, with clinicians fearing adverse neurocognitive events and data showing limited efficacy regarding local tumor control and overall survival. The present study thus aimed to reassess the role that WBRT holds in the treatment of brain metastases. (2) Methods: This review summarizes the available evidence from 1990 until today supporting the use of WBRT, as well as new developments in WBRT and their clinical implications.

Independent Validation of a Unifying Prognostic Model for Intracranial and Extracranial Metastasis-directed Radiotherapy.

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the validity of a unifying prognostic model, originally developed by Kowalchuk et al., because relevant variations in clinical practice and observed survival may impact on the performance of predictive tools.

Patients And Methods: Retrospectively, data from a single institution were analyzed.

Days at home in the last three months of life: patterns-of-care analysis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: To calculate the number of days patients with terminal non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) spent at home in the last 3 months of life, and to identify factors that predict a lower proportion of days at home.

Material And Methods: Retrospective study of 434 deceased patients with NSCLC. The number of days spent in a hospital or nursing home was identified from electronic health records.

Operant conditioning as a tool to assess hearing abilities in sharks.

Sharks (elasmobranchs) are an ancient, diverse group of fishes, representing a basal stage in the evolution of vertebrate hearing. Yet, our understanding of behavioural measures of hearing abilities in sharks is limited. To address this, an operant conditioning paradigm was designed, and scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini and rig (spotted estuary smooth hound) Mustelus lenticulatus were successfully trained to respond to pure-tone acoustic stimuli from an underwater speaker.

Percent of remaining life on palliative radiation treatment: solely a function of fractionation?

Background: This study analyzed the percent of remaining life (PRL) on treatment in patients irradiated for bone metastases. Bone metastases were treated together with other target volumes, if indicated, e.g.

Personalized radiotherapy of brain metastases: survival prediction by means of dichotomized or differentiated blood test results?

Background And Objectives: The validated LabBM score (laboratory parameters in patients with brain metastases) represents a widely applicable survival prediction model, which incorporates 5 blood test results (serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, platelets and hemoglobin). All tests are classified as normal or abnormal, without accounting for the wide range of abnormality observed in practice. We tested the hypothesis that improved stratification might be possible, if more granular test results are employed.