Short-term exposure of enrofloxacin inhibits synthesis of central estradiol through secretoneurin a/aromatase B (cyp19a1b) pathway in crucian carp.

It has been reported that enrofloxacin (ENR) disrupts metabolic pathway of steroid in female crucian carp, promoting testosterone (T) synthesis through stimulating expression of luteinizing hormone (LH) and inhibiting conversion of T to estradiol (E) through repressing aromatase A expression. To further learn effect of ENR on steroid metabolism in fish, this work investigated effect of ENR on central E synthesis and the involved mechanisms in female crucian carp through evaluating contents of T and E in blood and brain, expression of secretogranin 2a (scg2a), gonadotrophin 2 β (gth 2β, namely LH) and aromatase B (cyp19a1b) genes in brain, and activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in brain of ENR exposed female crucian carp. Results revealed that ENR promoted steroid metabolism in brain of female crucian carp, stimulated synthesis of T synthesis but inhibited conversion of T to E through promoting expression of scg2a and gth 2β but repressing expression of cyp19a1b, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway participated in regulating the biological process.

Efficacy and safety of rituximab in primary IgA nephropathy: a retrospective study.

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) in primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN).

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on the medical records of 22 patients diagnosed with primary IgAN who received RTX treatment. The clinical data, including blood tests, urine examinations and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), were analyzed at four time point: baseline, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months.

Development and validation of a clinical prediction model for blastocyst formation during IVF/ICSI-ET.

Purpose: This study aims to create and validate a clinical model that predict the probability of blastocyst formation in IVF/ICSI-ET cycles.

Methods: This study employed a retrospective methodology, gathering data from 4961 cleavage-stage embryos that cultured in the reproductive center's of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University between June 2020 and March 2024. 3472 were in the training set and 1489 were in the validation set when it was randomly split into the training set and validation set in a 7:3 ratio.

Extensive genome-wide phylogenetic discordance is due to incomplete lineage sorting in the rapidly radiated East Asian genus Nekemias (Vitaceae).

Background And Aims: Nekemias is a small genus of the grape family, with nine species discontinuously distributed in temperate to subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere but mostly in East Asia. Previous phylogenetic studies on Nekemias have mainly based on a few chloroplast markers, and the phylogenetic framework and systematic relationships are still highly contested.

Methods: We carried out a systematic framework reconstruction of Nekemias and intra-generic reticulate evolutionary analyses based on extensive single-copy nuclear and chloroplast genomic data obtained by the Hyb-Seq approach, combining genome skimming and target enrichment.

Diverse Synthesis of Arene-Fused [n.1.1]-Bridged Molecules via Catalytic Cycloaddition and Rearrangement Reactions.

Although great advancement has been made in synthesis of 3D bridged bicyclic[n.1.1]-bioisosteres, facile construction of 2D/3D merged molecules incorporating bridged rings, as novel chemical space in drug discovery, remains a significant challenge.

Heterogeneity During the Formation of Waterborne Barrier Coating Revealed by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Imaging the film formation process of waterborne barrier coatings in situ with nanoscopic resolution is very challenging, which limits the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and rational design of the materials. Here this challenge is tackled using in situ cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM) in combination with electron tomography (cryoET), which allows 3D imaging of the process with <1 nm resolution. By monitoring the film formation process of poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA) ionomer dispersion, onion-like nano-aggregates are captured.

Ultrafast Permittivity Engineering Enables Broadband Enhancement and Spatial Emission Control of Harmonic Generation in ZnO.

Moderate efficiencies of nonlinear optical processes can be one of the challenges limiting even more widespread applications. Here we demonstrate a broadband and giant enhancement of nonlinear processes in ZnO through ultrafast permittivity engineering. A remarkable enhancement of the second and third harmonic generation of up to 2 orders of magnitude can be observed over a broadband range of driving wavelengths.

Structure-Based Discovery and Development of Highly Potent Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors for Malaria Chemoprevention.

Malaria remains a serious global health challenge, yet treatment and control programs are threatened by drug resistance. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) was clinically validated as a target for treatment and prevention of malaria through human studies with DSM265, but currently no drugs against this target are in clinical use. We used structure-based computational tools including free energy perturbation (FEP+) to discover highly ligand efficient, potent, and selective pyrazole-based DHODH inhibitors through a scaffold hop from a pyrrole-based series.

Lycopene's therapeutic mechanisms in epididymitis: a network pharmacology and experimental study.

Background: Epididymitis, a common disease of the male reproductive system, is often caused by nonspecific infections. Antibiotics alone cannot reverse histopathological changes or prevent long-term reproductive issues. Lycopene (LYC), a potent antioxidant, has shown potential in alleviating epididymitis, yet its specific mechanisms remain unclear.

A stage structured model for mosquito suppression with immigration.

The incompatible insect technique based on is a promising alternative to control mosquito-borne diseases, such as dengue fever, malaria, and Zika, which drives wild female mosquitoes sterility through a mechanism cytoplasmic incompatibility. A successful control program should be able to withstand the perturbation induced by the immigration of fertilized females from surrounding uncontrolled areas. In this paper, we formulated a system of delay differential equations, including larval and adult stages, interfered by -infected males.

Vitamin D binding protein and receptor prevalence in a large population with periodontitis: single nucleotide polymorphism and transcriptomic profiling.

Background: There is an ongoing controversy regarding the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and binding protein (VDBP) genes, as well as their polymorphisms, in periodontitis. We examined eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and performed a transcriptome-level bioinformatics analysis to clarify their relationship with periodontitis.

Methods: To explore VDR and VDBP polymorphisms, 600 subjects were included, including 307 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 293 healthy controls.

Association between calculated remnant cholesterol levels and incident risks of Alzheimer's disease among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a real-world study.

Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia, with a rising global burden. Remnant cholesterol (RC), a component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders, but its role in AD remains unclear. This study investigated the association between RC levels and the risk of AD among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a real-world clinical setting.

Epigenetic activation of JAG1 by AID contributes to metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Metastasis is a major cause of fatality in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although the precise mechanisms driving the metastatic process remain incompletely understood. In this study, we have made several important findings. Firstly, we have discovered that elevated activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) expression is positively correlated with Jagged 1 (JAG1) levels in clinically metastatic HCC patients.

Enabled Discovery of KAI-11101, a Preclinical DLK Inhibitor for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Neuronal Injury.

Dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK), expressed primarily in neuronal cells, is a regulator of neuronal degeneration in response to cellular stress from chronic disease or neuronal injury. This makes it an attractive target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and neuronal injury, such as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Here, we describe the discovery of a potent, selective, brain-penetrant DLK inhibitor, KAI-11101 ().

Association between maternal exercise during pregnancy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among preschool children in Southwest China.

Objective: Maternal moderate-intensity exercise during pregnancy has important health benefits for the offspring, however, less is known about its association with offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to explore the association between maternal exercise during pregnancy and ADHD among preschool children in Southwest China.

Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was performed in 2021, and the revised Conners Parental Symptom Questionnaire and maternal exercise during pregnancy were obtained through a self-reported structured questionnaire.

Hypertension awareness, treatment, control, and prognosis: insights from the sub-cohort of China PEACE million persons project.

It is unclear whether and to what extent hypertension (HTN) awareness, treatment, and control affect prognosis in real-world settings. This study utilized data from the sub-cohort of the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Million Persons Project. A total of 102,358 adults aged 35-75 years were enrolled from Guangdong Province between January 2016 and December 2020.

The Distribution and Therapeutic Effectiveness of Clinical Unilateral Ménière's Disease Phenotypes.

Objectives: The first purpose of this study was to ascertain the distribution of unilateral Ménière's disease (MD) clinical subgroups in China and compare with the population reported in Europe and the United States. The second purpose was to investigate the effectiveness in different clinical phenotypes.

Methods: Participants were categorised into one of five subtypes using a previously reported classification scheme based on cluster analysis.

Structure Confirmation of Three New Psychoactive Substances and Qualitative Identification of Unknown Substances.

Objectives: To establish the structural confirmation methods of three suspected new psychoactive substances (NPSs), and explore a more general qualitative testing method.

Methods: Infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-NMR), C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (C-NMR), F-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (F-NMR) and other techniques were used to identify the composition and structure of 5 samples containing suspected NPS submitted by public security bureaus.

Results: NPSs were found in the above 5 samples, and 3 were confirmed as NPS included in the newly listed controlled substances on July 1, 2024, namely 2-(methylamino)-2-(2-methylphenyl)cyclohexan-1-one (2-MDCK), 2-(ethylamino)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)cyclohexan-l-one (2-FXE), 1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)pentan-1-one (dipentylone), respectively.

Association of evening chronotype, sleep quality and cognitive impairment in patients with major depressive disorder.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the independent or synergistic effects of evening chronotype and poor sleep quality on cognitive impairment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 249 individuals diagnosed with MDD, recruited from the Mental Health Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. Chronotype preference was assessed using the reduced Horne and Ostberg Morningness - Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), while sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Placental mesenchymal stem cells suppress inflammation and promote M2-like macrophage polarization through the IL-10/STAT3/NLRP3 axis in acute lung injury.

Introduction: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinically severe respiratory disorder that currently lacks specific and effective pharmacotherapy. The imbalance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization is pivotal in the initiation and progression of ALI. Shifting macrophage polarization from the proinflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype could be a potential therapeutic strategy.

Impact of asthma severity on surgical outcomes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis comorbid with asthma.

Background: Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps comorbid with asthma often experience poor outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the impact of asthma severity on the long-term outcomes after surgery in these patients.

Methods: Eighty-three patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps comorbid with asthma who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery were prospectively enrolled in this study.