Invasive fungal infection by saprochaeta capitata in an immunocompromised child- a case report from cancer hospital in Pakistan.

Saprochaeta Capitata is an emerging fungus known to cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. Here, we describe the case of a 4-year-old male child seen in Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, after obtaining informed consent from the parents. He had Pre-B ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia) and contracted this infection during induction chemotherapy.

Pan Drug-Resistant Salmonella Serovar Typhi Septicaemia In A Child: A Case Report.

Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, is a common cause of febrile illness, especially in lower middle-income countries. The only known reservoirs of this infection are humans, and it is prevalent in areas with limited availability of clean drinking water and sanitary conditions. Lately, extensively drug-resistant Salmonella ser.

The Injection Practice Patterns of Retina Specialists in Managing Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: To compare the PRN anti-VEGF injection patterns of four retina specialists with respect to the visual and anatomic outcomes in the management of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: Medical records of patients who received bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept anti-VEGF injections (years 2010-2020) by four retina specialists were reviewed for frequency, injection intervals, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and central macular thickness, center involved (CMT) for statistical analysis. Outcomes measured were change in logMAR BCVA and CMT from the first to last injection visit.

Genomic Determinants of Early Recurrences in Low-Stage, Low-Grade Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma.

Low-stage, low-grade endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC), the most common histologic type of endometrial cancer, typically has a favorable prognosis. A subset of these cancers, however, displays an aggressive clinical course with early recurrences, including distant relapses. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Impact of Injection Protocol Selection by Retina Specialists on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema.

Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections are the current gold standard for treating diabetic macular edema (DME). However, injection practice patterns of retina specialists have varied markedly based on physician discretion. This retrospective study analyzes the impact of injection protocol selection on change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) in 170 eyes treated by 4 retina specialists practicing a pro re nata (PRN) strategy between 2010 and 2020.

Lymph node assessment at the time of hysterectomy has limited clinical utility for patients with pre-cancerous endometrial lesions.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of patients with a pre-invasive endometrial lesion who meet Mayo criteria for lymph node dissection on final pathology to determine if the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with pre-invasive lesions would be warranted.

Methods: All women who underwent hysterectomy for a pre-invasive endometrial lesion (atypical hyperplasia or endometrial intra-epithelial neoplasia) between 2009 and 2019 were included for analysis. Relevant statistical tests were utilized to test the associations between patient, operative, and pathologic characteristics.

Corded and Hyalinized and Spindled Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma: A Clinicopathologic and Molecular Analysis of 9 Tumors Based on the TCGA Classifier.

Corded and hyalinized and spindled carcinomas are rare variants of endometrioid carcinoma (EC) characterized by cords of low-grade epithelial cells (±spindle cells) within a hyalinized stroma or spindled epithelial cells, respectively, that merge with conventional low-grade EC. Due to their "biphasic" morphology, these tumors are often misdiagnosed as carcinosarcoma. The clinicopathologic features including mismatch repair protein (PMS2 and MSH6) and p53 immunohistochemical expression and POLE mutational status of 9 corded and hyalinized and spindled endometrial ECs were evaluated and classified into The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) based molecular subgroups.

Malignant Mixed Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary: An Analysis of 100 Cases Emphasizing the Frequency and Interrelationships of Their Tumor Types.

One hundred malignant mixed germ cell tumors of the ovary that occurred in patients 3 to 55 years (mean: 20 y) of age are described. The clinical presentation was usually that of any highly malignant tumor of the ovary (abdominal pain and distension), but rarely (3 cases) endocrine manifestations were present. The tumors were usually unilateral (96%), ranged from 4 to 38 cm (mean: 16 cm), and were uniformly solid or, more often, solid and cystic; occasionally the typical appearance of dysgerminoma could be appreciated.

Evaluation of SWI/SNF Protein Expression by Immunohistochemistry in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma.

Ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC) are known to harbor ARID1A mutations, and several recent studies have described immunohistochemical loss of SMARCA2, SMARCA4, and SMARCB1 in a subset of tumors. We performed ARID1A, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, and SMARCB1 immunohistochemistry on 105 OCCCs to identify possible associations with clinicopathologic features and assess their prognostic value in these tumors. ARID1A, SMARCA4, and SMARCB1 were considered retained if any tumor cell nucleus stained while for SMARCA2, >5% of tumor nuclei were required to be positive.

Development of a Commercial Reference Laboratory Elective Rotation for Residents in Clinical Pathology.

Objectives: To develop a curriculum for a commercial reference laboratory clinical pathology training elective.

Methods: A 4-day elective at Quest Diagnostics was developed. The elective included 32 sessions composed of interactive didactic sessions and laboratory tours/demonstrations.

Non-invasive dural stimulation in mice: A novel preclinical model of migraine.

Background: Migraine is characterized by a collection of neurological symptoms in the absence of injury or damage. However, several common preclinical migraine models require significant damage to the skull to stimulate the dura mater, the likely source of afferent signaling leading to head pain. The goal of this study was to determine whether dural stimulation can be performed in mice using an injection that does not cause injury or damage.

Outcomes Following Complete Surgical Metastasectomy for Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: The benefit of complete surgical metastasectomy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma remains controversial due to limited outcome data. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether complete surgical metastasectomy confers a survival benefit compared to incomplete or no metastasectomy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: Ovid Embase®, MEDLINE®, Cochrane and Scopus® databases were searched for studies evaluating complete surgical metastasectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma through January 19, 2016.

Utility of a standardized protocol for submitting clinically suspected endometrial polyps to the pathology laboratory.

The purpose of the study is to assess whether a protocol for submitting clinically suspected endometrial polyps will improve the detection rate of polyps and evaluation of the background endometrium. A retrospective review from 1999 to 2015 was performed. Cases were divided into (1) polyps and curettings placed in 2 containers (separate, n=61) and (2) polyps and curettings placed in 1 container (combined, n=80).

Preexisting venous calcification prior to dialysis vascular access surgery.

Vascular calcification is present in arterial vessels used for dialysis vascular access creation prior to surgical creation. Calcification in the veins used to create a new vascular access has not previously been documented. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of venous calcification in samples collected at the time of vascular access creation.