The globalizability of temporal discounting.

Economic inequality is associated with preferences for smaller, immediate gains over larger, delayed ones. Such temporal discounting may feed into rising global inequality, yet it is unclear whether it is a function of choice preferences or norms, or rather the absence of sufficient resources for immediate needs. It is also not clear whether these reflect true differences in choice patterns between income groups.

An Atypical Case of Chilaiditi Syndrome.

Chilaiditi's sign is a rare radiological finding in which a portion of the colon or small intestine is interposed between the liver and right hemidiaphragm. We present a 28-year-old male who came to the emergency room with nausea and vomiting. A computed tomography scan without contrast of the abdomen and pelvis showed a new focus of air in the perihepatic region, suggesting a pneumoperitoneum or a loop of bowel.

Donor origin CAR T cells: graft versus malignancy effect without GVHD, a systematic review.

CD19, CD20 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy has shown promising results for the treatment of relapsed or refractory hematological malignancies. Best results have been reported in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with a complete response rate above 80%. Patients who received donor-derived CAR T cells for the relapsed malignancy after stem cell transplantation (allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant) were identified from the published trials.

Metal Stabilization of Collagen and de Novo Designed Mimetic Peptides.

We explore the design of metal binding sites to modulate triple-helix stability of collagen and collagen-mimetic peptides. Globular proteins commonly utilize metals to connect tertiary structural elements that are well separated in sequence, constraining structure and enhancing stability. It is more challenging to engineer structural metals into fibrous protein scaffolds, which lack the extensive tertiary contacts seen in globular proteins.

Design of net-charged abc-type collagen heterotrimers.

Net-negatively-charged heterospecific A:B:C collagen peptide heterotrimers were designed using an automated computational approach. The design algorithm considers both target stability and the energy gap between the target states and misfolded competing states. Structural characterization indicates the net-negative charge balance on the new designs enhances the specificity of the target state at the expense of its stability.

Control of Collagen Stability and Heterotrimer Specificity through Repulsive Electrostatic Interactions.

Charge-pair interactions between acidic and basic residues on the surface of collagen can promote stability as well as control specificity of molecular recognition. Heterotrimeric collagen peptides have been engineered de novo using either rational or computational methods, which in both cases optimize networks of favorable charge-pair interactions in the target structure. Less understood is the role of electrostatic repulsion between groups of like charge in destabilizing structure or directing molecular recognition.