A microcomputed tomography analysis of bone tissue after vertical ridge augmentation with non-resorbable membranes versus resorbable membranes and titanium mesh in humans.

Purpose: Guided bone regeneration is a frequently used surgical procedure for hard tissue reconstruction when horizontal and or/vertical augmentation are needed. The treatment concept is based on the application of occlusive membranes like non-resorbable membranes or titanium mesh plus resorbable membranes. However, there are no studies comparing the microcomputed tomography results for bone obtained using these two procedures, and this was the purpose of the present study.

Histological and histomorphometric analysis of bone tissue after guided bone regeneration with non-resorbable membranes vs resorbable membranes and titanium mesh.

Background: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) allows to achieve vertical ridge augmentation whether with nonresorbable membranes or resorbable membranes with Ti-mesh, but till now no studies are published comparing histological and histomorphometrical outcomes of these two procedures.

Materials And Methods: Forty partially edentulous patients required vertical bone regeneration to place implants in the posterior mandible: 20 patients were randomly assigned to group A (Ti-PTFE); while 20 patients to group B (Collagen plus Ti-mesh). For both groups, graft material was a 50:50 mixture of autogenous bone and bone allograft.

A Proposal of Pseudo-periosteum Classification After GBR by Means of Titanium-Reinforced d-PTFE Membranes or Titanium Meshes Plus Cross-Linked Collagen Membranes.

After guided bone regeneration (GBR) with different devices, a layer of connective tissue called pseudo-periosteum can be observed above the newly formed bone. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and histologic features and to suggest a classification of this connective tissue after GBR with nonresorbable membranes or titanium (Ti)-mesh plus resorbable membranes. Forty patients with partial edentulism in the posterior mandible were randomized into two groups: 20 patients were treated by means of Ti-reinforced dense polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE) membrane (group A), while the other 20 patients were treated with Ti-mesh and a cross-linked collagen membrane (group B).

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I, a Debilitating and Poorly Understood Syndrome. Possible Role for Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields: A Narrative Review.

Background: Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I), also called algodystrophy, is a complex syndrome characterized by limb pain, edema, allodynia, hyperalgesia and functional impairment of bone with a similar clinical picture of osteoporosis, including an increased release of various pro-inflammatory neuropeptides and cytokines. Several treatments have been proposed for CRPS-I, but due to the poor outcome of conventional drugs and the invasiveness of some techniques, expectations are now directed towards new resources that could be more effective and less invasive.

Objective: In the light of preclinical evidence, which underlined pulsed electromagnetic fields' (PEMFs) properties on osteoblasts (OBs), osteoclasts (OCs), and pathologies with an inflammatory profile, the present review aims to investigate whether there is a rationale for the use of PEMFs, as a combined approach, in CRPS-I.

Raman spectroscopic investigation on the molecular structure of apatite and collagen in osteoporotic cortical bone.

This study employed highly spectrally resolved Raman spectroscopy to examine the molecular composition of cortical bone tissue obtained from murine females in their healthy and ovariectomy- (OVX-) induced osteoporotic states. The aim of the study was to identify structural differences at the molecular scale both in apatite mineral and collagen fibrils between the two groups of samples. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical composition of cortical bone in regions including characteristic bands of both bone mineral and bone matrix.

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Spontaneous Osteoclastogenesis: Mechanisms Driving the Process and Clinical Relevance in Skeletal Disease.

In vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cells differentiate into osteoclasts under the influence of osteoclast-stimulating factors. However, accumulating evidence suggests spontaneous osteoclasts formation and activity in patients affected by local or systemic bone remodeling diseases in comparison with healthy controls. Therefore, within this review, we summarize the studies where spontaneous osteoclastogenesis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was observed in pathological conditions of the skeletal system.

Collagen type I coating stimulates bone regeneration and osteointegration of titanium implants in the osteopenic rat.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of titanium implants functionalised with collagen type I (TiColl) on bone regeneration and osteointegration in a healthy and osteopenic rat animal model.

Method: TiColl screws were implanted into the femoral condyles of healthy and osteopenic rats and compared with acid-etched titanium (Ti) screws. The osteointegration process was evaluated by a complementary approach combining microtomographic, histological, histomorphometric and biomechanical investigations at four and 12 weeks.

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage tissue engineering: state-of-the-art in in vivo studies.

Several therapeutic approaches have been developed to address hyaline cartilage regeneration, but to date, there is no universal procedure to promote the restoration of mechanical and functional properties of native cartilage, which is one of the most important challenges in orthopedic surgery. For cartilage tissue engineering, adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as an alternative cell source to chondrocytes. Since little is known about adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) cartilage regeneration potential, the aim of this review was to give an overview of in vivo studies about the chondrogenic potential and regeneration ability of culture-expanded ADSCs when implanted in heterotopic sites or in osteoarthritic and osteochondral defects.

Esthetic outcome and tissue stability of maxillary anterior single-tooth implants following reconstruction with mandibular block grafts: a 5-year prospective study.

Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the hard and soft tissue stability and esthetic outcomes of single-tooth implants placed in the anterior atrophic maxilla, following augmentation with mandibular block grafts covered with bovine hydroxyapatite and a resorbable collagen membrane, over a 5-year period.

Materials And Methods: Patients with a bony deficiency of ≥ 3 mm horizontally and ≤ 3 mm vertically were treated consecutively with reconstructive procedures and implant placement 6 months afterward. Alveolar ridge dimensions were measured before and after augmentation using computed tomography.

Histological, histomorphometric and microtomographic analyses of retrieval hip resurfacing arthroplasty failed at different times.

Background: Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HR) has been gaining popularity especially for young and active patients. Although different series report good mid-term results, the long-term outcome and failure mechanisms are still concerning. In this consecutive revision case series, 9 retrieved specimens of a failed Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) were divided according to the time to fracture: 3 specimens failed at less than 6 months (Group 1), 3 failed between 6 months and 3 years (Group 2) and 3 failed later than 3 years (Group 3).

Preliminary 2-year report on treatment outcomes for 6-mm-long implants in posterior atrophic mandibles.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes of ultrashort implants (4-mm diameter, 6-mm length) supporting fixed partial dentures in severely atrophic posterior mandibles.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five patients with posterior edentulous mandibular spans and 7- to 8-mm residual bone heights above the mandibular canal were enrolled. In total, 61 submerged implants were placed and loaded 5 to 6 months later.

Immediate fixed implant rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla after bilateral sinus floor augmentation: a 12-month pilot study.

Purposes: The aims of this study were to evaluate a surgical/prosthetic protocol for the immediate rehabilitation of the augmented edentulous maxilla, and to compare the outcomes of implants placed in grafted (test group) versus native (control group) sites in the same patients.

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients were included in the study. Each patient was treated with a bilateral sinus augmentation procedure using a 50:50 composite graft of autogenous mandibular bone and bovine hydroxyapatite.

Influence of implant-abutment interface design on bone and soft tissue levels around immediately placed and restored single-tooth implants: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of single implants immediately placed and restored with two different implant-abutment connections.

Materials And Methods: Forty subjects requiring single maxillary premolar replacement were consecutively included in this study and prospectively followed for 12 months. One implant was placed at the time of tooth extraction and immediately restored in each patient.

Osteogenic protein-1 associated with mesenchymal stem cells promote bone allograft integration.

Limited incorporation and modest bone remodeling can cause allograft failure. We investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) can improve allograft integration. A 3-cm full-size intercalary bone defect was created in the mid-diaphysis of the metatarsal bone of the sheep and it was replaced with an allograft alone (control group), or with MSCs (MSC group), OP-1 (OP-1 group), or MSCs and OP-1 (MSC + OP-1 group).

Dose-dependent effect of adipose-derived adult stem cells on vertical bone regeneration in rabbit calvarium.

Previous in vivo studies have shown a limited potential for vertical bone regeneration using osteoconductive scaffolds alone. In the present study, we investigated whether the association of adipose-derived adult stem cells (ASCs) with anorganic bovine bone (ABB) scaffold improved bone formation and implant osseointegration in a vertical guided bone regeneration model. Two pre-formed titanium domes were placed on the calvaria of 12 rabbits.

Immediate functional loading of dental implants supporting a bar-retained maxillary overdenture: preliminary 12-month results.

Background: The present study evaluated the efficacy of a treatment consisting of placing and immediately loading implants with a bar-retained overdenture in edentulous maxillae.

Methods: Twenty-two consecutive patients were treated with four or five implants rigidly connected with a bar, which were then loaded with a maxillary overdenture within 48 hours post-surgery. The patients were followed clinically and radiographically for 1 year after loading.

Immediate occlusal loading of immediately placed implants supporting fixed restorations in completely edentulous arches: a 1-year prospective pilot study.

Background: The aims of this pilot study were to evaluate the efficacy of treatment consisting of the immediate loading of implants placed immediately after tooth extraction in full-arch restorations and to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of implants placed in healed versus postextraction sites in the same group of patients.

Methods: Twenty-three patients who needed full-arch restorations were treated. One hundred forty-four implants were placed: 59 after tooth extraction (test group) and 85 in healed sites (control group).

Effect of mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma on the healing of standardized bone defects in the alveolar ridge: a comparative histomorphometric study in minipigs.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the effect of the combination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) incorporated into a fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA) scaffold on bone regeneration in cylindrical defects in the edentulous mandibular ridge of minipigs.

Materials And Methods: Two mandibular premolar teeth were extracted bilaterally in 8 adult minipigs. After 2 months, 4 standardized defects of 3.

Alveolar ridge augmentation with titanium mesh and a combination of autogenous bone and anorganic bovine bone: a 2-year prospective study.

Background: Recently, the use of bovine bone mineral (BBM) in combination with autogenous bone for alveolar ridge augmentation before implant placement has increased in favor because of concerns over morbidity associated with extraoral donor sites. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic parameters of implants placed in augmented ridges using a 70:30 mixture of autogenous bone and BBM in association with micro-mesh over a 2-year period.

Methods: Sixteen partially edentulous patients requiring bone augmentation were consecutively treated for 19 reconstructive procedures and delayed implant placement (44 implants) after 8 to 9 months of submerged mesh healing.

Xenograft versus extraction alone for ridge preservation after tooth removal: a clinical and histomorphometric study.

Background: The preservation of bone volume immediately after tooth removal might be necessary to optimize the success of implant placement in terms of esthetics and function. The objectives of this randomized clinical trial were two-fold: 1) to compare the bone dimensional changes following tooth extraction with extraction plus ridge preservation using corticocancellous porcine bone and a collagen membrane; and 2) to analyze and compare histologic and histomorphometric aspects of the extraction-alone sites to the grafted sites.

Methods: Forty subjects who required tooth extraction and implant placement were enrolled in this study.

The response of bone to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite-coated Ti13Nb11Zr alloy in an animal model.

An in vivo study was carried out on uncoated and hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated nanostructured Ti13Nb11Zr alloy in comparison with high-grade Ti6Al4V, to investigate the effect of the different surfaces on osteointegration rate. A highly effective method to obtain a fast biomimetic deposition of a thin layer of nanocrystalline HA was applied to coat both substrates. Cylindrical pins were implanted in rabbit cortical bone and evaluated at 4 and 12 weeks by histomorphometry and microhardness tests.

Histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of alveolar ridge augmentation using bone grafts and titanium micromesh in humans.

Background: Recently, the use of titanium micromesh for alveolar bone augmentation has drawn interest; however, only limited histologic data are available on the quality of the bone regenerated. Therefore, this study compared the use of 100% intraoral autogenous bone to a combination of intraoral autogenous bone (70%) and bovine porous bone mineral (BPBM) (30%) for alveolar ridge augmentation with titanium micromesh histologically and histomorphometrically.

Methods: Twelve partially edentulous patients required alveolar bone augmentation before implant insertion because of ridge resorption.

Effect of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation on knee cartilage, subchondral and epyphiseal trabecular bone of aged Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs.

It has been demonstrated that pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation has a chondroprotective effect on osteoarthritis (OA) progression in the knee joints of the 12-month-old guinea pigs. The aim of the present study was to discover whether the therapeutic efficacy of PEMFs was maintained in older animals also in more severe OA lesions. PEMFs were administered daily (6 h/day for 6 months) to 15-month-old guinea pigs.