Therapeutic Potential of Photobiomodulation in Diabetic Complications.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated complications, including diabetic kidney disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy, impose significant challenges on healthcare systems due to their high morbidity, mortality, and associated costs. Existing treatments often yield unsatisfactory clinical outcomes, underscoring the need for innovative approaches to mitigate debilitating effects on patients' health-related quality of life. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive treatment that utilizes specific wavelengths of light in the treatment of various medical complications associated with DM.

Modulatory Effects of 830 nm on Diabetic Wounded Fibroblast Cells: An In Vitro Study on Inflammatory Cytokines.

After skin damage, a complicated set of processes occur for epidermal and dermal wound healing. This process is hindered under diabetic conditions, resulting in nonhealing diabetic ulcers. In diabetes there is an increase in inflammation and proinflammatory cytokines.

Targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its interplay with TGF-β and Notch signaling pathways for the treatment of chronic wounds.

Wound healing is a tightly regulated process that ensures tissue repair and normal function following injury. It is modulated by activation of pathways such as the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Dysregulation of this process causes poor wound healing, which leads to tissue fibrosis and ulcerative wounds.

Effect of photobiomodulation at 830 nm on gene expression correlated with JAK/STAT signalling in wounded and diabetic wounded fibroblasts in vitro.

Treatment of chronic diabetic wounds is an ongoing socio-economic challenge. Dysregulated signalling pathways characterise cells from chronic diabetic wounds. Photobiomodulation (PBM) stimulates healing by eliciting photochemical effects that affect gene regulation.

Interaction of the AKT and β-catenin signalling pathways and the influence of photobiomodulation on cellular signalling proteins in diabetic wound healing.

The induction of a cells destiny is a tightly controlled process that is regulated through communication between the matrix and cell signalling proteins. Cell signalling activates distinctive subsections of target genes, and different signalling pathways may be used repeatedly in different settings. A range of different signalling pathways are activated during the wound healing process, and dysregulated cellular signalling may lead to reduced cell function and the development of chronic wounds.

Photobiomodulation at 660 nm Stimulates In Vitro Diabetic Wound Healing via the Ras/MAPK Pathway.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are open chronic wounds that affect diabetic patients due to hyperglycaemia. DFUs are known for their poor response to treatment and frequently require amputation, which may result in premature death. The present study evaluated the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) at 660 nm on wound healing via activation of Ras/MAPK signalling in diabetic wounded cells in vitro.

Current Therapeutic Modalities for the Management of Chronic Diabetic Wounds of the Foot.

Impaired wound healing is common in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Different therapeutic modalities including wound debridement and dressing, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), nanomedicine, shockwave therapy, hyperbaric (HBOT) and topical (TOT) oxygen therapy, and photobiomodulation (PBM) have been used in the management of chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). The selection of a suitable treatment method for DFUs depends on the hosts' physiological status including the intricacy and wound type.

Clinical Effect of Photobiomodulation on Wound Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Does Skin Color Needs to Be Considered?

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most common complications of diabetes. DFUs impede patients' quality of life and are known to be unresponsive to conventional therapy. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a pain-free, noninvasive treatment method that has been shown to promote chronic wound healing and has been successfully used for the treatment of DFUs.

Photobiomodulation activates the PI3K/AKT pathway in diabetic fibroblast cells in vitro.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been known to facilitate the healing of numerous ailments including diabetic wounds. PBM is not broadly acknowledged largely due to scepticism regarding its mechanism of action, including the specific molecular targets and the effects rendered at a tissue, cellular and molecular level. Diabetes mellitus (DM) reduces cellular signalling, including the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signalling pathway that is critical during wound healing.

Capped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Apoptosis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.

(RF) has widely been used to treat various ailments, including pain, diabetes, and cancer. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have drawn attention in modern healthcare applications. Hence, we designed this study to synthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using root extract to investigate its synergistic cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells and explore the possible cell death mechanism.

The effect of photomodulation on fibroblast growth factor and the Ras/MAPK signalling pathway: a review.

Objective: Current therapies and technologies used to treat hard-to-heal diabetic wounds are limited to a 50% healing rate. The rise in the percentage of lower limb non-traumatic amputations in patients with diabetes has caused an increased demand for alternative, effective and safe treatment modalities. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) utilises light to induce physiological changes and provide therapeutic benefits and has been shown to increase the healing of hard-to-heal wounds through the release of growth factors.

Photobiomodulation at 830 nm Stimulates Migration, Survival and Proliferation of Fibroblast Cells.

Purpose: Photobiomodulation (PBM) promotes diabetic wound healing by favoring cell survival and proliferation. This study aimed to investigate the potential of PBM in stimulating cellular migration, viability, and proliferation using the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway.

Methods: The study explored the in vitro effects of near infrared (NIR) light on cell viability (survival) and proliferation as well as the presence of TGF-β1, phosphorylated TGF-β receptor type I (pTGF-βR1) and phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic-homolog (Smad)-2/3 (p-Smad2/3) in different fibroblast cell models.

The Effects of Blue Light on Human Fibroblasts and Diabetic Wound Healing.

Diabetes is a serious threat to global health and is among the top 10 causes of death. The Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is among the most common and severe complications of the disease. Bacterial infections are common; therefore, timely aggressive management, using multidisciplinary management approaches is needed to prevent complications, morbidity, and mortality, particularly in view of the growing cases of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Oxidative Stress in Ageing and Chronic Degenerative Pathologies: Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammation.

Ageing and chronic degenerative pathologies demonstrate the shared characteristics of high bioavailability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, chronic/persistent inflammation, glycation, and mitochondrial abnormalities. Excessive ROS production results in nucleic acid and protein destruction, thereby altering the cellular structure and functional outcome. To stabilise increased ROS production and modulate oxidative stress, the human body produces antioxidants, "free radical scavengers", that inhibit or delay cell damage.

Regulatory Processes of the Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway and Photobiomodulation in Diabetic Wound Repair.

Skin is a biological system composed of different types of cells within a firmly structured extracellular matrix and is exposed to various external and internal insults that can break its configuration. The restoration of skin's anatomic continuity and function following injury is a multifaceted, dynamic, well-coordinated process that is highly dependent on signalling pathways, including the canonical Wnt/β catenin pathway, all aimed at restoring the skin's protective barrier. Compromised and inappropriate tissue restoration processes are often the source of wound chronicity.

Cellular Signalling and Photobiomodulation in Chronic Wound Repair.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) imparts therapeutically significant benefits in the healing of chronic wounds. Chronic wounds develop when the stages of wound healing fail to progress in a timely and orderly frame, and without an established functional and structural outcome. Therapeutic benefits associated with PBM include augmenting tissue regeneration and repair, mitigating inflammation, relieving pain, and reducing oxidative stress.

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Root Extract and Their Activity against Pathogenic Bacteria.

Recently, the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from crude extracts and phytochemicals has attracted much attention. Green synthesis of NPs is cost-effective, eco-friendly, and is a promising alternative for chemical synthesis. This study involves ZnO NPs synthesis using root extract (RE) as an efficient reducing agent.

Photobiomodulation in diabetic wound healing: A review of red and near-infrared wavelength applications.

The development of a painless, non-invasive, and faster way to diabetic wound healing is at the forefront of research. The complexity associated with diabetic wounds makes it a cause for concern amongst diabetic patients and the world at large. Irradiation of cells generates a photobiomodulatory response on cells and tissues, directly causing alteration of cellular processes and inducing diabetic wound repair.

Levels of Cyclooxygenase 2, Interleukin-6, and Tumour Necrosis Factor- in Fibroblast Cell Culture Models after Photobiomodulation at 660 nm.

Chemicals and signaling molecules released by injured cells at the beginning of wound healing prompt inflammation. In diabetes, prolonged inflammation is one of the probable causes for delayed wound healing. Increased levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) are associated with the inflammatory response and in diabetes, and increased levels of these contribute to chronic wounds that do not heal.

In Vitro Wound Healing Potential of Photobiomodulation Is Possibly Mediated by Its Stimulatory Effect on AKT Expression in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.

Increasing evidence suggests that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) serve as a therapeutic approach for wound healing. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on antioxidant enzymes in ADSCs. Four ADSC cell models, namely, normal, wounded, diabetic, and diabetic wounded, were irradiated with 660 nm (fluence of 5 J/cm and power density of 11.

Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on inflammatory cytokines in healing dynamics of diabetic wounds: a systematic review of preclinical studies.

Context: Delayed wound healing in diabetes mellitus (DM) is due to the overlapping phases of the healing process. The prolonged inflammation and altered levels of inflammatory cytokines lead to deformed cell proliferation. Photobiomodulation alleviates the expression of inflammatory cytokines and promotes tissue repair, thereby restoring the wound healing process.

Photobiomodulation reduces oxidative stress in diabetic wounded fibroblast cells by inhibiting the FOXO1 signaling pathway.

This study aimed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of photobiomodulation (PBM) in attenuating oxidative stress in diabetic wounded fibroblast cells. Cell models were exposed to PBM at a wavelength of 660 nm (fluence of 5 J/cm, and power density of 11.2 mW/cm) or 830 nm (fluence of 5 J/cm, and power density of 10.

Natural deep eutectic solvent supported targeted solid-liquid polymer carrier for breast cancer therapy.

Solid-liquid nanocarriers (SLNs) are at the front of the rapidly emerging field of medicinal applications with a potential role in the delivery of bioactive agents. Here, we report a new SLN of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) and biotin-conjugated lysine-polyethylene glycol copolymer. The SLN system was analyzed for its functional groups, thermal stability, crystalline nature, particle size, and surface morphology through the instrumental analysis of FT-IR, TGA, XRD, DLS, SEM, and TEM.

Selective Laser Efficiency of Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles by and Its Wound Healing Activities in Normal Wounded and Diabetic Wounded Fibroblast Cells: In vitro Studies.

Introduction: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively used in wound healing applications owing to their valuable physicochemical and biological properties. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs) and photobiomodulation (PBM; laser irradiation at 830 nm with 5 J/cm) in normal wounded and diabetic wounded fibroblast cells (WS1).

Methods: The combined effect of G-AgNPs and PBM was studied by various wound healing studies including cell morphology, cell migration rate and percentage wound closure, cell viability, cell proliferation, and filamentous (F)-actin and nuclear morphology staining.