The impact of updated national guidelines for managing unintentional paediatric liquid paracetamol exposures: a retrospective poisons centre study.

Introduction: In 2015, Australia and New Zealand treatment guidelines recommended a 2 h paracetamol serum concentration for risk assessment of unintentional paracetamol liquid exposures. We assess our experience with this approach.

Methods: Retrospective case review of children <6 years-old with liquid paracetamol overdoses referred to a regional poisons information centre January 2017 to August 2022.

Fractures by race and ethnicity in a diverse sample of postmenopausal women: a current evaluation among Hispanic and Asian origin groups.

Using 1998-2022 Women's Health Initiative (WHI) data, our study provides contemporary fracture data by race and ethnicity, specifically focusing on Hispanic and Asian women. Fractures of interest included any clinical, hip, and major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs). We utilized the updated race and ethnicity information collected in 2003, which included seven Asian and five Hispanic origin groups.

Advancements in ectopic reservoir placement for inflatable penile prostheses.

Introduction: Traditional reservoir placement (RP) into the space of Retzius during three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis implantation has been associated with serious bladder, iliac vessel, and bowel complications, encouraging the development of "ectopic" RP methods.

Objectives: In this study we sought to document an up-to-date, comprehensive analysis of ectopic RP techniques regarding both patient satisfaction and clinical complications.

Methods: A PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library literature search of English language articles from 1966 to 2023 with keywords "inflatable," "penile prosthesis," "reservoir," and "placement" gave 179 publications, 70 of which were included in a comprehensive chronology and investigation after review.

Primary complex motor stereotypies are associated with de novo damaging DNA coding mutations that identify KDM5B as a risk gene.

Motor stereotypies are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability, or sensory deprivation, as well as in typically developing children ("primary" stereotypies, pCMS). The precise pathophysiological mechanism for motor stereotypies is unknown, although genetic etiologies have been suggested. In this study, we perform whole-exome DNA sequencing in 129 parent-child trios with pCMS and 853 control trios (118 cases and 750 controls after quality control).

Clinical features of COVID-19 rapid antigen test exposures reported by an Australian poisons information centre: a prospective study.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease COVID-19 rapid antigen tests are a useful tool in detecting infection, and their use has increased in many countries since they became commercially available in late 2021. Some rapid antigen tests contain sodium azide, which can be toxic in small doses. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of exposures to COVID-19 rapid antigen tests.

Efficacy of Early Preventive Dental Services in Primary Medical Care Setting: Results From Alabama's 1st Look Program.

To evaluate early preventive dental services (PDS) provided by primary care providers (PCPs) in reducing future caries treatments among Alabama Medicaid recipients. Data from 2009 to 2019 Alabama Medicaid were used to evaluate effectiveness of 1st Look Program on PDS before age three years and incidence of caries treatments after age three years. PDS groups consisted of 1st Look-involved (PDS claims from PCPs), dentist-only (PDS claims from dental providers), and no early fluoride treatment participants (no PDS claims before age three years).

Beyond the Surgical Safety Checklist: Using Intraoperative Handoff to Facilitate Team Situation Awareness in the OR.

Background: The surgical safety checklist (SSC) has been credited with improving team situation awareness (SA) in the operating room. Although the SSC may support team SA at the outset of the operative case, intraoperative handoff provides an opportunity for either SA breakdown or, more preferably, SA reinforcement. High-functioning surgical teams demonstrate a high level of continued SA, whereas teams deficient in SA are more likely to be affected by surgical errors and adverse events.

The Consumption of Animal and Plant Foods in Areas of High Prevalence of Stroke and Colorectal Cancer.

Diets of red and processed meat have been reported as important risk factors for developing colorectal cancer. Given the racial and ethnic differences in the incidence of colorectal cancer, patterns of food consumption, and areas of residence, particularly in the South, more data is needed on the relationship between residing in a high stroke area, colorectal cancer incidence levels, and red meat and processed meat consumption. We created online surveys to ascertain meat, red meat, and healthy food consumption levels.

G protein-coupled receptor inhibition of beta-cell electrical excitability and insulin secretion depends on Na/K ATPase activation.

G-coupled somatostatin or α2-adrenergic receptor activation stimulated β-cell NKA activity, resulting in islet Ca fluctuations. Furthermore, intra-islet paracrine activation of β-cell G-GPCRs and NKAs by δ-cell somatostatin secretion slowed Ca oscillations, which decreased insulin secretion. β-cell membrane potential hyperpolarization resulting from G-GPCR activation was dependent on NKA phosphorylation by Src tyrosine kinases.

Recent Stressful Life Events, Lifetime Traumatic Events, Missed Visits, and Antiretroviral Adherence Among Black Women With HIV in the Southeastern United States: A Cross-sectional Study.

Lifetime traumatic events are prevalent among people with HIV and consistently associated with deleterious HIV outcomes. Yet, little is known about the impact of recent stressful events on health outcomes among Black women with HIV (WWH). This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of recent stressful events and lifetime traumatic events and their association with HIV outcomes in Black WWH ( n = 200) in the Southeastern United States.

The Relationship Between Prior Cancer Diagnosis and All-Cause Dementia Progression Among US Adults.

Background: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), a frequent effect of cancer and its treatments, shares common cognitive symptoms with dementia syndromes. Cross-sectional studies demonstrate an inverse relationship between cancer and dementia. However, the longitudinal relationship between dementia decline and cancer has not been investigated.

Synthesis of the Aeromonas veronii strain Bs8 disaccharide repeating unit.

Presented herein is the synthesis of the Aeromonas veronii disaccharide repeating unit which has been achieved in 11 steps starting from d-fucose and d-galactosamine.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Bone Health and Outcomes in the United States.

Osteoporosis is a bone disease classified by deterioration of bone microarchitecture and decreased bone strength, thereby increasing subsequent risk of fracture. In the United States, approximately 54 million adults aged 50 years and older have osteoporosis or are at risk due to low bone mass. Osteoporosis has long been viewed as a chronic health condition affecting primarily non-Hispanic white (NHW) women; however, emerging evidence indicates racial and ethnic disparities in bone outcomes and osteoporosis management.

The Contribution of Patient, Primary Care Physician, and Primary Care Clinic Factors to Good Bone Health Care.

Background/objective: Patient, provider, and system factors can contribute to chronic care management and outcomes. Few studies have examined these multilevel associations with osteoporosis care and outcomes. We examined how key process and structural factors at the patient, primary care physician (PCP), and primary care clinic (PCC) levels were associated with guideline concordant osteoporosis pharmacotherapy, daily calcium intake, vitamin D supplementation, and weekly exercise sessions at 52 weeks following enrollment in a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Chlamydia Prevalence by Age and Correlates of Infection Among Pregnant Women.

Background: There is a paucity of population-based data on chlamydia in pregnancy despite rising rates in US women. Our objectives were to assess chlamydia prevalence by age group and to identify factors associated with infection in pregnant women to inform screening guidelines.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included pregnant women tested for chlamydia who delivered at the University of Alabama at Birmingham between November 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017.

Serial Bone Density Measurement and Incident Fracture Risk Discrimination in Postmenopausal Women.

Importance: Repeated bone mineral density (BMD) testing to screen for osteoporosis requires resources. For patient counseling and optimal resource use, it is important for clinicians to know whether repeated BMD measurement (compared with baseline BMD measurement alone) improves the ability to discriminate between postmenopausal women who will and will not experience a fracture.

Objective: To assess whether a second BMD measurement approximately 3 years after the initial assessment is associated with improved ability to estimate fracture risk beyond the baseline BMD measurement alone.

Racial Disparities Exist in Outcomes After Major Fragility Fractures.

Background: Fractures associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) are associated with pain, disability, and increased mortality. A recent, nationwide evaluation of racial difference in outcomes after fracture has not been performed.

Objective: To determine if 1-year death, debility, and destitution rates differ by race.

Secular Trends in the Incidence of Hip Fracture Among Nursing Home Residents.

A recent study suggested a decline in the incidence of hip fracture among US women between 2002 and 2012, followed by a leveling in the incidence rate from 2013 to 2015. Newly admitted nursing home residents are particularly vulnerable to hip fracture, and it is unclear whether that trend is observed in this high risk group. The purpose of our study was to describe trends in hip fracture rates and postfracture mortality among 2.

Osteoporosis screening using computed tomography for men with prostate cancer: results of a prospective study.

Unlabelled: We performed a prospective study using both FRAX and computed tomography to screen for osteoporosis in men undergoing radiation for prostate cancer. We found that implementing routine computed tomography (CT)-based screening was feasible in the setting of a prospective study, but the yield of osteoporosis identification was low in this population.

Purpose: Men with prostate cancer (PCa) are at increased risk of hip fracture for multiple reasons.

Duration of Bisphosphonate Drug Holidays and Associated Fracture Risk.

Background: Discontinuation of bisphosphonates (BP) or a "drug holiday" after several years of treatment is increasingly common. However, the association of drug holiday duration with future fracture risk is unclear.

Objectives: We evaluated the rate of fracture in relation to various lengths of drug holidays among women receiving long-term BP therapy.