Intrinsic versus extrinsic contribution to intraindividual sweat rate variability of individual eccrine glands.

The purpose of the current study was twofold. First, to determine the intraindividual variability of sweat rate per gland for a given skin location during exercise in the heat. Second, to determine the relative importance of intrinsic vs.

Factors associated with breast cancer detection method in California women: an analysis of California Health Interview Survey data.

Purpose: Breast cancer mortality has significantly declined in the U.S. due in part to effective clinical screening methods.

A Relational Agent Intervention for Adolescents Seeking Mental Health Treatment: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Unmet pediatric mental health (MH) needs are growing as rates of pediatric depression and anxiety dramatically increase. Access to care is limited by multiple factors, including a shortage of clinicians trained in developmentally specific, evidence-based services. Novel approaches to MH care delivery, including technology-leveraged and readily accessible options, need to be evaluated in service of expanding evidence-based services to youths and their families.

Educating Nurses During a Pandemic to Manage Mechanically Ventilated Patients.

Providing care for critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 presented a number of challenges. Initially, few treatment strategies were available; however, evidence of pulmonary complications led to patients' need for ventilators. This article describes the rapid development and implementation of a mechanical ventilation cross-training program for acute care nurses.

Testing a Model of Sexual Minority Orientation in Individuals with Typical Development, the Broad Autism Phenotype, and Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and the Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) are more likely than individuals with typical development (TD) to report a sexual minority orientation (e.g., Bejerot and Eriksson, PLoS ONE 9:1-9, 2014; DeWinter et al.

Effects of low-to-moderate ethanol consumption on colonic growth and gene expression in young adult and middle-aged male rats.

Excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor associated with colorectal cancer; however, some epidemiological studies have reported that moderate alcohol consumption may not contribute additional risk or may provide a protective effect reducing colorectal cancer risk. Prior research highlights the importance of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis as parameters to consider when evaluating colonic cell growth and tumorigenesis. The present study investigated whether chronic low-to-moderate ethanol consumption altered these parameters of colonic cell growth and expression of related genes.

Change in eating pattern as a contributor to energy intake and weight gain during the winter holiday period in obese adults.

Background/objectives: The winter holiday season in the United States, which spans mid-November to mid-January, contributes to over half of annual body weight gain. Although self-reported data have linked this weight change to both increased energy intake and reduced physical activity, objective techniques have never been used; and thus, the actual cause of holiday weight gain is controversial. Here, we aimed to determine changes in components of energy balance leading to the holiday weight gain.

Local inhibition of carbonic anhydrase does not decrease sweat rate.

Background: The purpose of this study was to measure sweat rate during exercise in the heat after directly inhibiting carbonic anhydrase (CA) in eccrine sweat glands via transdermal iontophoresis of acetazolamide. It was hypothesized that if CA was important for sweat production, local administration of acetazolamide, without the confounding systemic effects of dehydration typically associated with past studies, would have a significant effect on sweat rate during exercise.

Methods: Ten healthy subjects volunteered to exercise in the heat following acetazolamide or distilled water iontophoresis on the forearm.

Nicotine trained as a negative feature passes the retardation-of-acquisition and summation tests of a conditioned inhibitor.

Nicotine functions as a negative feature in a Pavlovian discriminated goal-tracking task. Whether withholding of responding to the conditional stimulus (CS) reflects nicotine functioning as a conditioned inhibitor is unknown. Accordingly, the present research sought to determine whether nicotine trained as a negative feature passed the retardation-of-acquisition and summation tests, thus characterizing it as a pharmacological (interoceptive) conditioned inhibitor.

Nicotine competes with a visual stimulus for control of conditioned responding.

Environmental stimuli that co-occur with tobacco use come to evoke drug-related conditioned responses (CRs) that appear involved in continued use of nicotine-containing products. In rats, nicotine can serve as a conditional stimulus (CS) for non-drug unconditioned stimuli (USs), prompting the question of whether the nicotine CS can compete with, or overshadow, a non-drug environmental stimulus for control of a CR. In Experiment 1, male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to a group [0, 0.

Investigation of endocannabinoid modulation of conditioned responding evoked by a nicotine CS and the Pavlovian stimulus effects of CP 55,940 in adult male rats.

Rationale: The cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant (SR 141716) has been shown to block reinforcing and rewarding effects of nicotine. Research has not investigated whether the cannabinoid system is involved in the interoceptive stimulus effects of nicotine functioning as a conditional stimulus (CS).

Objective: We examined the effects of rimonabant and the CB(1/2) receptor agonist, CP 55,940, on responding evoked by a nicotine CS in rats.