Incidence and Costs of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Among Infants With Medicaid: 20042014.

Objectives: To describe incidence, health care use, and cost trends for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) who are covered by Medicaid compared with other infants.

Methods: We used 2004-2014 hospital birth data from the National Inpatient Sample, a nationally representative sample of hospital discharges in the United States ( = 13 102 793). Characteristics and trends among births impacted by NAS were examined by using univariate statistics and logistic regression.

Worsening Rural-Urban Gap in Hospital Mortality.

Background: One out of every 5 Americans live in rural communities. Rural Americans have higher rates of early and preventable deaths outside of the hospital than their urban counterparts. How rurality relates to hospital mortality is unknown.