Intact piRNA pathway prevents L1 mobilization in male meiosis.

The PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway is essential for retrotransposon silencing. In piRNA-deficient mice, L1-overexpressing male germ cells exhibit excessive DNA damage and meiotic defects. It remains unknown whether L1 expression simply highlights piRNA deficiency or actually drives the germ-cell demise.

Easing the discomfort of a speculum exam.

Applying a small amount of gel to the blades of a speculum before insertion won’t alter test results—but will reduce the patient’s discomfort.